Zebrafish: A complete animal model to enumerate the nanoparticle toxicity

Abstract

Presently, nanotechnology is a multi-trillion dollar business sector that covers a wide range of industries, such as medicine, electronics and chemistry. In the current era, the commercial transition of nanotechnology from research level to industrial level is stimulating the world’s total economic growth. However, commercialization of nanoparticles might offer possible risks once they are liberated in the environment. In recent years, the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an established animal model system for nanoparticle toxicity assay is growing exponentially. In the current in-depth review, we discuss the recent research approaches employing adult zebrafish and their embryos for nanoparticle toxicity assessment. Different types of parameters are being discussed here which are used to evaluate nanoparticle toxicity such as hatching achievement rate, developmental malformation of organs, damage in gill and skin, abnormal behavior (movement impairment), immunotoxicity, genotoxicity or gene expression, neurotoxicity, endocrine system disruption, reproduction toxicity and finally mortality. Furthermore, we have also highlighted the toxic effect of different nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticle, gold nanoparticle, and metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO2, Al2O3, CuO, NiO and ZnO). At the end, future directions of zebrafish model and relevant assays to study nanoparticle toxicity have also been argued.

Zebrafish as a Vertebrate Model System to Evaluate Effects of Environmental Toxicants on Cardiac Development and Function

“…The zebrafish embryo has been used to assay the impact of exposure to nanoparticles during development [56]. A zebrafish study comparing the toxicity of gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles during development revealed accumulation of metals inside the developing embryo that caused a serious threat to the organism.…”

Green Route Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles Using Leaf Extracts of Melaleuca leucadendra

“…Microbial count as 105 CFU/ml. Sterile filter paper discs (5 mm diameter) were immersed in the 50 µl of synthesized AgNPs (10,20,30,40, 50 µg/ml) and allowed to dry at room temperature and it was placed over the Nutrient agar plates. Streptomycin 10 mcg/disc was used as positive control and the disc immersed in distilled water was used as negative control.…”

“…Sterile swabs were dipped in the microbial suspensions which contains fungal strains were uniformly applied to petridishes containing PDA. Sterile filter paper discs (5 mm diameter) were immersed in the 50 µl of synthesized AgNPs (10,20,30,40, 50 µg/ml) and allowed to dry at room temperature and it was placed over the petridishes. Nystatin was used as positive control and plates were incubated at 28 ± 2 ºC for 48-72 h and the zone of inhibition around each disc was measured.…”

“…Of the previously mentioned strategies the most simple and eco-friendly technique is through green union and today it is the most well-known strategy for nanoparticle combination [6][7][8][9][10]. Of the metals and the salts the most regularly utilized are the coinage metals as Au, Ag and Cu however Fe, Zn and Pt has likewise been used [11][12][13][14].…”

Kluyveromyces fragilisRNA extract supplementation promotes growth, modulates stress and inflammatory response in zebrafish

“…In the last decade, zebrafish has become an established vertebrate model for a wide range of research areas, ranging from biomedicine to toxicology (Chakraborty, Sharma, Sharma, & Lee, ; Chemello et al., ).…”