Zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i> as a model to study the immune response against infection with <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i>

Christoffersen, Thea; Kania, Per W.; Jørgensen, Louise von Gersdorff; Buchmann, Kurt

doi:10.1111/jfd.12543

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The gills of infected zebrafish have also been investigated in an gene expression study revealing that the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-8, TGF-beta and IL-4/13, the acute-phase reactant SAA, the compliment factor C3 and a neutrophil marker were up-regulated in infected fish compared to non-infected fish, indicating immune activation [37]. This immune activation is comparable to other fish species infected with this parasite such as rainbow trout [13,25], carp [31,38,39] and channel catfish [18].…”

Section: Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Novel investigations have utilized the zebrafish as a model organism to further investigate the immunological mechanisms involved in innate and adaptive responses of the host [15][16][17]. This model holds the potential for further investigation of the in vivo immunological mechanism involved in the responses in an unprecedented way, due to the availability of transparent and immunologically relevant transgenic lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

Jørgensen

2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the causative agent of white spot disease (ichthyophthiriasis) is a major burden for fish farmers and aquarists globally. The parasite infects the skin and the gills of freshwater fish, which may acquire a protective adaptive immune response against this disease, making vaccine strategies feasible. However, there is no prophylactic treatment available and repetitive treatments with auxiliary substances are needed to control the infection. Historically, a variety of drugs and chemicals have been used to combat the disease but due to changing regulations and recognition of carcinogenic and environmentally damaging effects the most efficient compounds are prohibited. A continuous search for novel substances, which are highly effective against the parasites and harmless for the fish is ongoing. These compounds should be environmentally friendly and cost-effective. This review presents recent progress within host immunology, vaccinology and a description of novel substances, which have been tested as treatments against ichthyophthiriasis.

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Section: Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

Jørgensen

2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Our results reflect the phenotype observed in commercial fish, where the most common clinical signs of disease are damage in the fins and pedunculi. Zebrafish have not only been successfully used as an animal model for human immunity‐related diseases (Rasighaemi, Basheer, Liongue, & Ward, 2015), but also as an infection model of several bacteria and viruses that frequently affect commercially valuable species, especially in the aquaculture industry (Christoffersen et al, 2017; LaPatra et al, 2000; Neely et al, 2002; O'Toole et al, 2004; Tandberg et al, 2017). Zebrafish have additionally been validated for members of the Flavobacteriaceae family (formerly designated flavobacteria), including F. columnare and F. johnsoniae (Moyer & Hunnicutt, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This teleost fish presents several investigative advantages, including a well‐known biology, the conservation of immune system components with farmed fish and an availability of transgenic lines that allow following specific processes in vivo in a whole organism. Moreover, zebrafish have already been used as a model system for several aquaculture‐relevant infectious agents, including the haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (LaPatra, Barone, Jones, & Zon, 2000), Streptococcus iniae (Neely, Pfeifer, & Caparon, 2002), Vibrio anguillarum (O'Toole, Von Hofsten, Rosqvist, Olsson, & Wolf‐Watz, 2004), Piscirickettsia salmonis (Tandberg et al, 2017) and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Christoffersen, Kania, Gersdorff Jørgensen, & Buchmann, 2017), as well as some in the Flavobacterium genera. Prior work by Moyer and Hunnicutt (2007), for example, has shown through PCR detection of bacteria in dead fish that F. johnsoniae, but not F. columnare , is an effective pathogen against zebrafish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for bath infection by Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Avendaño‐Herrera

Benavides

Espina

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold‐water disease and rainbow trout syndrome in freshwater salmonid fish worldwide, generating injuries and high mortality rates. Despite several studies on this bacterium, the infection mechanism remains unknown due to limitations in the employed animal models. In this work, we propose using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for studying bacterial pathogenicity. To substantiate this proposal, zebrafish infection by F. psychrophilum strain JIP 02/86 was characterized. Zebrafish larvae were infected using the bath method, and morphological changes and innate immune system activation were monitored using transgenic fish. Salmonid‐like infection phenotypes were observed in 4.74% of treated larvae, as manifested by fin, muscle and caudal peduncle damage. Symptomatic and dead larvae accounted for 1.35% of all challenged larvae. Interestingly, infected larvae with no infection phenotypes showed stronger innate immune system activation than specimens with phenotypes. A failure of function assay for myeloid factor pu.1 resulted in more infected larvae (up to 43.5%), suggesting that low infection rates by F. psychrophilum would be due to the protective actions of the innate immune system against this bacterium in zebrafish larvae. Our results support the use of zebrafish as an infection model for studying F. psychrophilum. Furthermore, the percentage of infected fish can be modulated by disturbing, to varying extents, the differentiation of myeloid cells. Using this evidence as a starting point, different aspects of the infection mechanism of F. psychrophilum could be studied in vivo.

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“…As we applied concentration method removing smaller molecules, it should be noted that this study presents the effects of ES proteins with molecular weight above 3000 Da. The applied techniques for studying expression of both innate and adaptive immune genes in zebrafish were recently developed [23, 31] and we demonstrated that ES products from C . osculatum activate most immune genes in a dose-dependent manner, but generally at a markedly lower level compared to LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects of excretory/secretory compounds from Contracaecum osculatum larvae in a zebrafish inflammation model

et al. 2017

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Excretory/secretory (ES) compounds isolated from third-stage larvae of the anisakid nematode Contracaecum osculatum parasitizing liver of Baltic cod were investigated for effects on immune gene expression in a zebrafish LPS-induced inflammation model. ES products containing a series of proteins, of which some had enzymatic activity, were injected solely or with LPS. ES proteins alone induced up-regulation of a number of immune-related genes, but generally to a lower degree compared to LPS. When co-injected with LPS, the worm products exacerbated merely expression of five genes affecting Th1, Th2, Th17 and innate responses compared to the LPS-injected group. However, the level of overexpression decreased in an inverse dose-dependent manner. The immune regulating action of C. osculatum ES products is interpreted as an important evolutionary ability of larval parasites in the transport host which makes it less susceptible to host immune responses whereby the probability of reaching the final host is increased.

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Zebrafish Danio rerio as a model to study the immune response against infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis – Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for bath infection by Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Immunomodulatory effects of excretory/secretory compounds from Contracaecum osculatum larvae in a zebrafish inflammation model

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