Zeolite and potting soil sorption of CO2 and NH3 evolved during co-composting of grape and tobacco waste

Abstract

The gaseous byproducts produced during the composting of different kinds of solid waste are carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3). CO2 is a greenhouse gas and NH3 is a toxic and corrosive air pollutant so, they must be removed from exhaust gases prior to release into the atmosphere. The purpose of this work was to investigate the sorption of CO2 and NH3, evolved during composting, on zeolite and potting soil. The composting of the mixture of grape waste (GW) and tobacco waste (TW) in the mass ratio GW: TW = 55: 45 (dry mass basis) was carried out under forced aeration (0.645 L min−1 kg−1) in a column reactor (10 L) under adiabatic conditions over 21 days. Adsorption of the gases evolved was carried out in the fixed-bed column reactor (0.166 L). The most important physical-chemical characteristics of the composting mass and adsorbents and the evolved CO2 and NH3 were closely monitored. The highest CO2 and NH3 concentrations were measured at the thermophilic stage and the cooling stage of composting, respectively. The results showed that zeolite and potting soil were good adsorbents for the sorption of CO2 and NH3. The zeolite adsorbed 31 % of the evolved CO2 and the entire concentration of ammonia, whilst the potting soil adsorbed 3 % of CO2 and 49 % of NH3 from the exhaust gases.

Impact of Sequential Treatments with Natural and Na-Exchanged Chabazite Zeolite-Rich Tuff on Pig-Slurry Chemical Composition

“…The use of different kinds of natural and pre-exchanged ZTs as a soil amendment has been studied extensively in terms of modification of the soil physic-chemical characteristics, reduced N leaching, increased N use Water 2020, 12, 310 3 of 20 efficiency, water use efficiency, and crop yield [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Zeolites mitigation potential concerning some greenhouse gasses (like CO 2 and N 2 O) and other harmful gasses like NO x and, especially NH 3 , has also been addressed in several studies [32][33][34][35][36]. Concerning the use of ZTs in the treatment of PS, [15] used Italian chabazite-rich ZT for removing NH 4 + from PS and creating an NH 4 -enriched ZT to be used as a soil amendment.…”

Biodegradation of Agro-industrial Waste

“…Temperature is directly correlated to the biochemical activity, i.e., the heat of the reaction involved in the cellular metabolism causes a temperature increase in the composting mass. 2,3 At the beginning of composting, the temperature of the composting mass was 24 °C, and at day 8 increased to 50 °C at which it remained until day 13 when it started to decrease until the end of the process (Fig. 2).…”

Kompostiranje agroindustrijskog otpada, biootpada i biorazgradljivog komunalnog otpada u adijabatskom reaktoru

“…Pokusi kompostiranja (P1, P2 i P3) provedeni su u adijabatskom reaktoru radnog volumena, V r = 10 dm 3 , (slika 1), 18 unutarnjeg promjera, d = 212 mm i visine, h = 330 mm, tijekom 21 dana pri protoku zraka od 0,7 dm 3 min −1 kg HT0 −1 . U pokusu P1 proveden je proces kompostiranja agroindustrijskog otpada, u pokusu P2 kompostiranje biootpada i u pokusu P3 kompostiranje biorazgradljivog komunalnog otpada.…”

“…Padom temperature udio CO 2 u struji zraka na izlazu iz reaktora u svim pokusima se smanjivao, što se može usporediti sa smanjenom mikrobiološkom aktivnošću. 2,18,19 Najviše CO 2 je nastalo u pokusima P2 (406,48 g kg HT0 −1…”