Zeolite Parageneses in the North Atlantic Igneous Province: Implications for Geotectonics and Groundwater Quality of Basaltic Crust

Neuhoff, Philip S.; Fridriksson, Thráinn; Bird, Dennis K.

doi:10.1080/00206810009465068

Cited by 56 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Glacial erosion in Iceland has exposed cross-sections up to 2 km deep through paleo-groundwater aquifers developed in the lavas (Neuhoff et al 2000). The lava sequence was initially relatively flat laying, with little subsequent structural deformation and progressive tilting of the lavas towards the centre of volcanism due to loading of the crust during volcanism (Pálmason 1981).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical components necessary for zeolite mineralization were derived from the breakdown of plagioclase and basaltic glass, with the exception of H 2 O, which was provided by the metamorphic fluids. Zeolites are formed in geothermal systems as a consequence of chemical interaction between aqueous electrolyte solutions and volcanic rocks (Neuhoff et al 2000).…”

Section: Stage IImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widespread in the upper parts of the mountain ridges, occurring together with analcime, levyne, mesolite, thomsonite, stilbite and apophyllite in olivine tholeiites. The lowest-grade zeolite zone in regionally metamorphosed basalts is defined by the presence of chabazite and thomsonite as the most common zeolites species (Walker 1959;Sukheswala et al 1974;Neuhoff et al 2000).…”

Section: Chabazite-(ca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of individual zeolite species within diagenetically altered or metamorphosed sediments and volcanic rocks are commonly characterized by isograds of first appearance of one or more zeolites bounding spatially restricted zones (Neuhoff et al 2000). The effect of pressure on zeolite isograds usually cannot be assessed independently from that of temperature (Iijima 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-stage zeolite facies mineralization in the Hvalfjördur area, Iceland

Weisenberger

Selbekk

2008

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The Hvalfjördur area, 30 km north of Iceland's capital Reykjavik, belongs to the sequence of Late Tertiary to early Quaternary flood basalts with minor intercalations of hyaloclastites and rhyolites. The basalts are affected by progressive low-temperature metamorphism, caused by the burial of the lava succession and higher heat flow from nearby central volcanoes. Low-grade zeolite facies metamorphism of basaltic lavas in the Hvalfjördur area results in two distinct mineral parageneses that can be correlated to events in the burial and hydrothermal history of the lava pile. Stage Ia represents syn-eruptive near-surface alteration in which celadonite and silica were precipitated along primary pores. During regional burial metamorphism (stage Ib), hydrolysis of olivine and glass led to the formation of mixed-layer chlorite/smectite clays. The chlorite content of stage Ib phyllosilicate vesicle rims increases with increasing burial depth and temperature. Stage II occurred after the burial and is marked by zeolite mineralization caused by higher heat flow from the Laxárvogur and Hvalfjördur central volcanoes. Altogether 11 different zeolites were found in the Hvalfjördur area: analcime, chabazite, epistilbite, heulandite, laumontite, levyne, mesolite, stilbite, stellerite, thomsonite and yugawaralite. In total, three separate depth and temperature-controlled ''zeolite zones'' occur in the Hvalfjördur area.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stage IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chabazite-(ca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-stage zeolite facies mineralization in the Hvalfjördur area, Iceland

Weisenberger

Selbekk

2008

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…Neuhoff et al, 2000;Bish and Ming, 2001;Giampaolo et al, 2008;Campbell et al, 2012;Langella et al 2013;Weisenberger et al, 2014;Cappelletti et al, 2015). This has particular relevance to hydrothermal, surface and diagenetic systems, where mineral compositions can track changing fluid regimes (Hay and Sheppard, 2001;Langella et al, 2001;Utada, 2001, Campbell et al, 2012Langella et al 2013;Weisenberger et al 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of zeolite-group mineral compositions by electron probe microanalysis

et al. 2016

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A new protocol for the quantitative determination of zeolite-group mineral compositions by electron probe microanalysis (wavelength-dispersive spectrometry) under ambient conditions, is presented. The method overcomes the most serious challenges for this mineral group, including new confidence in the fundamentally important Si-Al ratio. Development tests were undertaken on a set of natural zeolite candidate reference samples, representing the compositional extremes of Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba zeolites, to demonstrate and assess the extent of beam interaction effects on each oxide component for each mineral. These tests highlight the variability and impact of component mobility due to beam interaction, and show that it can be minimized with recommended operating conditions of 15 kV, 2 nA, a defocused, 20 μm spot size, and element prioritizing with the spectrometer configuration. The protocol represents a pragmatic solution that works, but provides scope for additional optimization where required. Vital to the determination of high-quality results is the attention to careful preparations and the employment of strict criteria for data reduction and quality control, including the monitoring and removal of non-zeolitic contaminants from the data (mainly Fe and clay phases). Essential quality criteria include the zeolite-specific parameters of R value (Si/(Si + Al + Fe 3+ ), the 'E%' charge-balance calculation, and the weight percent of non-hydrous total oxides. When these criteria are applied in conjunction with the recommended analytical operating conditions, excellent inter-batch reproducibility is demonstrated. Application of the method to zeolites with complex solid-solution compositions is effective, enabling more precise geochemical discrimination for occurrence-composition studies. Phase validation for the reference set was conducted satisfactorily with the use of X-ray diffraction and laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.

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8.1.6.7 Analcime and related silicates

Burzo

2013

Tectosilicates

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Zeolite Parageneses in the North Atlantic Igneous Province: Implications for Geotectonics and Groundwater Quality of Basaltic Crust

Cited by 56 publications

References 110 publications

Multi-stage zeolite facies mineralization in the Hvalfjördur area, Iceland

Multi-stage zeolite facies mineralization in the Hvalfjördur area, Iceland

Determination of zeolite-group mineral compositions by electron probe microanalysis

8.1.6.7 Analcime and related silicates

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