Zeolites as matrices for the stabilization of unusual cationic zinc species

Rittner, F.; Seidel, Andreas; Boddenberg, B.

doi:10.1016/s1387-1811(98)00154-1

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…On the basis of the above considerations, proving the existence of stable Zn + species appears to be a difficult task. As already noted, there is evidence for the formation of Zn 2 2+ ions in ZnCl 2 /Zn glasses at high temperatures48 and in zeolite matrixes,50, 51 and recently the formation of mononuclear, paramagnetic Zn + in a microporous crystalline silicoaluminophosphate was reported 52. The presence of the same ion in the cavities of a zeolite was claimed in a reinterpretation of previously published results 51b.…”

Section: Theoretical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Zinc clusters Zn x 2+ ( x ≥2) can be stabilized inside the cavities of a zinc‐exchanged zeolite Y, prepared by passing zinc metal vapor through a cylindrical bed of water‐free zeolite HY at 120 °C. Although the exact composition of the polyzinc cations could not be determined, Zn 2 2+ was considered the most probable species 50. An important further advance came from Seff and co‐workers, who used single crystal X‐ray diffraction to study the products of the reaction of zinc vapor with fully dehydrated, fully Tl + ‐exchanged, zeolite X at 450 and 500 °C.…”

Section: Experimental Studies On Group 12 Compounds With Metal–metmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Bonds Between Metal Atoms: Zn, Cd, and Hg Compounds with Metal–Metal Bonds

2008

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The synthesis and characterization of [Zn(2)(eta(5)-C(5)Me(5))(2)], a stable molecular compound with a Zn-Zn bond and the first example of a dimetallocene structure, has opened a new chapter in the organometallic chemistry of zinc and in metallocene chemistry. The existence of two directly bonded zinc atoms demonstrates that the [Zn-Zn](2+) unit, the lightest Group 12 homologue of the well-known [Hg-Hg](2+) ion, can be stabilized by appropriate ligands. Activity in this area has increased enormously in the few years since the determination of the structure of this molecule. Numerous theoretical studies have been devoted to the investigation of the electronic, structural, and spectroscopic properties of this and related compounds, and new metal-metal coordination and organometallic compounds of zinc, cadmium, and mercury have been synthesized and structurally characterized. This Minireview gives an overview of activity in this field during the past three to four years.

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Section: Theoretical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Experimental Studies On Group 12 Compounds With Metal–metmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Bonds Between Metal Atoms: Zn, Cd, and Hg Compounds with Metal–Metal Bonds

2008

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“…Pertinent examples are the introduction of Zn 2+ , Ga 3+ , Fe 3+ into hydrogen forms of zeolites via the interaction of them with vapors of the respective chlorides [129][130][131], the incorporation of V-, Ti-, and Cr-containing species from gaseous VOCl 3 , TiCl 4 , and CrOCl 2 , respectively [132,133], and the reaction of vapors of metallic zinc or cadmium with, for example, H-Y or H-ZSM-5 [134][135][136][137]. Pertinent examples are the introduction of Zn 2+ , Ga 3+ , Fe 3+ into hydrogen forms of zeolites via the interaction of them with vapors of the respective chlorides [129][130][131], the incorporation of V-, Ti-, and Cr-containing species from gaseous VOCl 3 , TiCl 4 , and CrOCl 2 , respectively [132,133], and the reaction of vapors of metallic zinc or cadmium with, for example, H-Y or H-ZSM-5 [134][135][136][137].…”

Section: Gas-phase-mediated Processes Related To Solid-state Ion Exchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐State Ion Exchange in Zeolites

Karge

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The sections in this article are Introduction Comparison of Conventional and Solid‐State Ion Exchange Experimental Procedure for Solid‐State Ion Exchange in Zeolites Methods of Monitoring Solid‐State Ion Exchange Infrared Spectroscopy ESR Spectroscopy M össbauer Spectroscopy Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy X ‐Ray Diffraction Extended X ‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure ( EXAFS ) and X ‐Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure ( XANES ) Temperature‐Programmed Evolution ( TPE ) of Volatile Gases Thermogravimetric Analysis ( TGA ) Systems Investigated for Solid‐State Ion Exchange in Zeolites Solid‐State Ion Exchange with Salts of Alkaline Metals Solid‐State Ion Exchange with Salts of Alkaline Earth Metals Solid‐State Ion Exchange with Salts of Lanthanum Solid‐State Ion Exchange with Salts of Copper Solid‐State Ion Exchange with Salts of Iron Solid‐State Ion Exchange with Salts of Manganese Solid‐State Ion Exchange with Salts of Noble Metals Miscellaneous Some Considerations on Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of SSIE Effect of Temperature and Salt Concentration in Salt/Zeolite Mixtures The Role of Water in Solid‐State Ion Exchange Kinetics of Solid‐State Ion Exchange A Possible Mechanism of Solid‐State Ion Exchange Modified Solid‐State Ion Exchange and Related Processes Contact‐Induced Ion Exchange Incipient Wetness Technique of Impregnation Gas‐Phase‐Mediated Processes Related to Solid‐State Ion Exchange Oxidative and Reductive Solid‐State Ion Exchange A Tabulated Survey of the Systems Studied in SSIE and Related Processes Concluding Remarks

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“…In recent years, the formation and stabilization of polycations in the zeolite structure was achieved for all transition metals, including Zn, Cd, Cu, Bi, and others . Such polycations have the general formula [TrM α O β ] m n + , in which α =2–8, β =0–4, m =2–6, and n =2 or 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recenty ears,t he formation and stabilization of polycations in the zeolite structure was achieved for all transition metals,i ncluding Zn, [12] Cd, [13] Cu, [14] Bi, [15] and others. [16,17] Such polycations have the general formula [TrM a O b ] m n+ + ,i n which a = 2-8, b = 0-4, m = 2-6, and n = 2o r3 .O wing to the high dispersity and nanostructures of the Tr Mp olycation moieties (0.4-1.6 nm) along with the excess of oxygen in the Tr Ms uperoxides, [14,18] remarkable adsorption capacities and catalytic activitieso ft he correspondingz eolitest owards various substances were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Adsorption of Sulfur Compounds on Transition Metal Polycation‐Exchanged Zeolites for Desulfurization of Hydrocarbon Streams

Tsybulevski¹,

Ткаченко

Rode

et al. 2017

Energy Tech

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The reactive adsorption of sulfur‐contaminated compounds over transition metal (TrM) polycation‐exchanged zeolites is a very efficient method for the desulfurization of hydrocarbon processing streams. The process consists of the physical adsorption of thiols, sulfides, and disulfides and the catalytic oxidation of the adsorbed substances. The reaction does not require the participation of free oxygen; diffuse‐reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies confirmed that the thiol oxidation proceeds through the direct involvement of TrM polycation superoxides. All of the studied zeolite X, zeolite Y, and mordenite materials containing Zn, Mn, Cu, and Cd polycations show remarkable activity for the oxidation of sulfur compounds; this results in a significant increase of the total pick‐up from gas and liquid hydrocarbons. The thermal regeneration of the adsorbent–catalysts under oxidizing conditions leads to the complete restoration of their original activities and capacities for the removal of sulfur compounds. Suitable operating conditions for the regeneration process are disclosed. The study also demonstrates favorable properties of the suggested adsorbent–catalysts for use in commercially important applications such as the desulfurization of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons.

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Zeolites as matrices for the stabilization of unusual cationic zinc species

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Direct Bonds Between Metal Atoms: Zn, Cd, and Hg Compounds with Metal–Metal Bonds

Direct Bonds Between Metal Atoms: Zn, Cd, and Hg Compounds with Metal–Metal Bonds

Solid‐State Ion Exchange in Zeolites

Reactive Adsorption of Sulfur Compounds on Transition Metal Polycation‐Exchanged Zeolites for Desulfurization of Hydrocarbon Streams

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