Zero-Dimensional Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide-Based Lead-Free Perovskite Capacitor

Abstract

Symmetrical electrochemical capacitors are attracting immense attention because of their fast charging–discharging ability, high energy density, and low cost of production. The current research in this area is mainly focused on exploring novel low-cost electrode materials with higher energy and power densities. In the present work, we fabricated an electrochemical double-layer capacitor using methylammonium bismuth iodide (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 , a lead-free, zero-dimensional hybrid perovskite material. A maximum areal capacitance of 5.5 mF/cm 2 was obtained, and the device retained 84.8% of its initial maximum capacitance even after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. Impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the active layer provides a high surface area for the electrolyte to access. As a result, the charge transport resistance is reasonably low, which is advantageous for delivering excellent performance.

Progress and Perspective in Low‐Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronic Applications

“…The possiblities of low‐dimensional perovskites have also been explored in some other applications, such as memory devices, batteries, and capacitors . Previously, we reported the first demonstration of applying 3D perovskite MAPbI 3− x Cl x in nonvolatile memory devices, indicating a remarkable appearance of resistive switching effect with a small on‐off voltage (<1 V) in a simple configurature of Au/perovskite/FTO (Figure a and b) .…”

“…Based on computational and experimental studies, it was found that the lithium conversion mechanism is more energetically favorable than conventional lithium intercalation processes . Furthermore, the first attempt of 0D perovskite MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 in the electrochemical double‐layer capacitor was also investigated very recently, delivering a maximum areal capacitance of 5.5 mF cm −2 with 84.8% retaining after 10 000 charge‐discharge cycles (Figure g and h) …”

“…[17][18][19] Endowed by the wide tunability in chemical compositions and crystal structures, low-dimensional perovskites with rational design have demonstrated decent performance in various optoelectronic fileds (Figure 1d), [20,21] and shown great promise in many other unexplored areas beyond optoelctronics. [22,23] Despite of the rapid progress of 3D perovskites, very limited effort has been endeavored to discuss the development of lowdimensional perovskites, and there have been only a few review articles that discuss the material properties, [24][25][26] structure design, [27,28] and potential applications. [29] More recently, breakthrough results have been successfully demonstrated by employing low-dimensional perovskites in addressing the challenges of stability and toxicity in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.…”

Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots–Organometallic Halide Perovskite Bilayer Electrode Structures for Supercapacitor Applications

“…Johnpaul et al. fabricated an electrochemical double‐layer capacitor using methylammonium bismuth iodide (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 material and reported areal capacitance of 5.5 mF cm −2 at scan rate of 5 mV s −1 …”

“…Johnpaul et al fabricated an electrochemical double-layer capacitor using methylammonium bismuth iodide (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 I 9 material and reported areal capacitance of 5.5 mF cm À 2 at scan rate of 5 mV s À 1 . [28] We therefore report the design and fabrication of CdS quantum dots and organohalide perovskite-based bilayer electrodes for symmetric electrochemical capacitors. For comparative study, three different symmetric electrochemical capacitors were fabricated viz: CdS quantum dots (CSQDs) single layer electrodes, CdS quantum dots and methyl ammonium lead iodide (CSQDs-MPI) bilayer electrodes and CdS quantum dots and methyl ammonium bismuth iodide (CSQDs-MBI) bilayer electrodes.…”