Zero-Liquid Discharge Treatment of Wastewater from a Fertilizer Factory

Zueva, Svetlana; Ferella, Francesco; Taglieri, Giuliana; Michelis, Ida De; Пугачева, И. Н.; Vegliò, Francesco

doi:10.3390/su12010397

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The best reagent and process parameters for a Zero-Liquid Discharge (ZLD) process to convert phosphate and fluoride into non-hazardous compounds were found as a result of this experimental study. [4] (Svetlana B. Zueva, Francesco Ferella Zero-Liquid Discharge Treatment of Wastewater from a Fertilizer Factory) [4] Mr. R. L. Nibe, Mr.R.V. Hinge, 3Mr.S.B.Divate reviewed Water treatment by Zld process.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ZLD plant can achieve the following goals: -cost savings from the reuse of ingredients, energy, and water; -cost savings from the disposal of contaminated loads taken out of the waste water (e.g., reduction in the waste water charges), load relief on already-existing waste water treatment facilities, -protection of the water supply and/or water quality, -realizing the advantages for the environment. Over the past thirty years-or even longer-many businesses have introduced and put into practice waste water flow reduction measures [2][3][4]. In Germany, these changes were fostered, particularly through the Waste Water Charges Act, which was passed on September 13, 1976.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zero Liquid Discharge: An Overview

2022

IRJMETS

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A well-designed Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system aims to produce a clean stream that may be used elsewhere in the plant's processes while minimising the amount of liquid waste that needs to be treated. Concentrating (evaporating) wastewater before disposing of it as a liquid brine or further crystalizing the brine into a solid is a typical ZLD strategy. While the brine is continuously concentrated to achieve a greater solids concentration, the evaporated water is recovered and recycled. It is intended that the effluents be treated to adhere to the legal restrictions. The Pollution Control Board has established acceptable thresholds for COD and total suspended solids, and the pH must be neutral. The removed waste is categorized as organic and inorganic waste and is treated accordingly. The purified water can be utilized again for tasks like gardening, boiler feed, etc. Other byproducts produced during treatment, like hydrocarbons and lead, are put to use or sold in accordance with market demands. The practice of treating wastewater is known as "Zero Liquid Discharge" since it prevents the industry from wasting any water at all while still enabling compliance with pollution control board standards. Engineers' responsibilities in Zero Liquid Discharge plants include maximizing operating costs, improving steam economy, and enhancing solvent recovery.

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero Liquid Discharge: An Overview

2022

IRJMETS

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“…Wastewater from fertilizer industry contains fluorides and phosphates as hazardous contaminants, and to achieve a zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) process, several reagents were tested. Using hydrated lime as effective precipitating agent resulted in phosphate and fluoride separation reaching 99.9% which can be recovered and recycled (Zueva et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride pollutants removal from industrial wastewater

et al. 2022

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Background The main object of the present study is the industrial wastewater effluent treatment resulting from a solar cell manufacturing process, which is a Joint Egyptian Chinese Renewable Energy laboratory, in Sohag Governorate. Fluoric and hydrochloric acids are the main pollutants causing a pH of 1 to 3. The effluent is neutralized by the addition of both potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide to permit the precipitation of the resulting sparingly soluble calcium fluoride. The chlorides are partially precipitated as calcium chloride, and the further addition of hydrated aluminum sulfate is used to precipitate the remaining extra chloride as an insoluble complex to reach the allowable chloride concentration in the treated effluent. Set of experiments at bench and pilot scales were run to achieve the optimum conditions for defluorination and dichlorination taking into consideration not exceeding the allowable ranges of pollutants as soluble salts in the final effluent. Results Experimental results showed that the performance of a pilot scale was satisfactory in fluorides, chlorides, and dissolved solids by 97.64, 78.85, and 79.4% removal, respectively. Based on these results a full-scale industrial treatment unit was designed for construction and operation as a treatment unit for industrial wastewater contaminated with fluorides as main pollutant. Conclusions The recommended treatment procedure succeeded in the removal of fluorides and chlorides as main contaminants in the effluent which permit the use of treated water in the irrigation of non-edible plants, according to Egyptian Code No. (501/2015).

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“…FFWWs are usually treated by means of traditional physical-chemical and biological methods. Coagulation was applied to superphosphate removal [4] and the use of hydrated lime to precipitate insoluble calcium-based salts was shown, which can be reused in the fertiliser production process [5,6]. Ion exchange with anion and cation exchange resins can effectively be used to remove nitrogen as ammonium and nitrate when their concentration is low (e.g., <180 mg/L for NH 4 + ) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Scale Evaluation of Fertiliser Factory Wastewater Treatment through Membrane Distillation and Reverse Osmosis

et al. 2021

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The incumbent water stress scenario imposes wastewater valorisation to freshwater, promoting technology for its effective treatment. Wastewater from fertiliser factories is quite problematic because of its relevant acidity and solute content. Its treatment through vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) was evaluated through laboratory scale tests at 40 °C and 25 mbar vacuum pressure with polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene flat-sheet porous membranes. The wastewater from a partially disused Italian industrial site was considered. VMD distillate fluxes between 22 and 57.4 L m−2 h−1 (LMH), depending on the pore size of the membranes, along with very high retention (R > 99%) for anions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, PO43−), NH4+, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed. Laboratory scale reverse osmosis (RO) tests at 25 °C and increasing of the operating pressure (from 20 bar to 40 bar) were carried out with a seawater desalination membrane for comparison purposes. Permeability values around 1.1 LMH/bar almost independently of the operating pressure were observed. Lower retentions than those measured from VMD tests were found. Finally, for any given RO operating pressure, the flux recovery ratio (FRR) calculated from permeate fluxes measured with pure water before and after wastewater treatment was always much lower that evaluated for VMD membranes.

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Zero-Liquid Discharge Treatment of Wastewater from a Fertilizer Factory

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Zero Liquid Discharge: An Overview

Zero Liquid Discharge: An Overview

Fluoride pollutants removal from industrial wastewater

Laboratory Scale Evaluation of Fertiliser Factory Wastewater Treatment through Membrane Distillation and Reverse Osmosis

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