Zero‐Strain Insertion Material of Li [ Li1 / 3Ti5 / 3 ]  O 4 for Rechargeable Lithium Cells

Abstract

Li[Lil/zTi~/3]O ~ having a defect spinel-framework structure (Fd3m; a = 8.36 A) was prepared and examined in nonaqueous lithium cells. Li[Li~/~Ti~/3]O 4 (white in color) was reduced to Li2[Lil/~Tij/3104 (dark blue) at a voltage of 1.55 V and the reaction was highly reversible. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the lattice dimension did not change during the reaction Li[Lil/~Tis/3]O4 + Li + + e .... L12[Lll/3Ti5 3]O4 8(a) 16(d) 32(e) ~16(c) 16(d)/32(e)Since the reaction consists of lithium ion and electron insertion into/extraction from the solid matrix without a noticeable change in lattice dimension, called a zero-strain insertion reaction, capacity failure due to the damage to the solid matrix was not observed even after 100 cycles. Feasibility of zero-strain insertion materials for advanced batteries is discussed based on the experimental results.

Lithium Migration in Li4Ti5O12 Studied Using in Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction

“…This is because Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 shows exceptionally high rate performance, excellent cycling stability, and good Li-insertion electrochemistry with a formal potential of ~1.55 V vs. Li + /Li as an anode in LIBs. [2][3][4][5][6] As a result of the high redox potential of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , the formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer [7][8][9][10] and Li-metal deposition or electroplating 11 on the surface of the anode, all detrimental to LIB use, can be prevented. It is generally accepted that the Li (de)intercalation reaction in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 proceeds through a reversible two-phase reaction (Eq.…”

Hollow Structured Li3VO4 Wrapped with Graphene Nanosheets in Situ Prepared by a One-Pot Template-Free Method as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…8 Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 has been found to change its structure negligibly during the discharge/charge process, and possesses good lithium ion mobility and a long and stable voltage plateau, together with low cost, environmental friendliness, and enhanced safety. [8][9][10] Nevertheless, its potential is still relatively higher, about 1.6 V (versus Li + /Li), thus halving the overall cell voltage and negating the benefits.…”

Preparation and Charge/Discharge Characteristics of Carbon-modified Ramsdellite TiO₂ as a High Potential Anode

“…These coulombic efficiencies of 98-99% were slightly Electrochemistry, 83(10), 867-869 (2015) lower than those for TiO 2 (B) and LTO (nearly 100%). 3,23 As shown in Fig. 3, TiO 2 (R) has a potential plateau at 1.3 V, which is lower than TiO 2 (B) (1.6 V) and LTO (1.56 V).…”

“…However, there remain serious problems, such as safety, durability, and cost to be solved before commercialization. 1 The use of a high potential anode, spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) working at around 1.56 V vs. Li/Li + , is one of solutions for these issues, [2][3][4][5][6][7] though it sacrifices the energy density of the resulting batteries. LTO exhibits good reversibility and structural stability upon charge and discharge cycles, and has been already used as an anode for commercially available LIBs.…”