Zero tourism due to COVID-19: an opportunity to assess water consumption associated to tourism

García, Carmen; Deyà-Tortella, Bartolomé; Lorenzo‐Lacruz, Jorge; Morán-Tejéda, Enrique; Rodríguez‐Lozano, Pablo; Tirado, Dolores

doi:10.1080/09669582.2022.2079652

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, a permanent coastal flooding is expected due to the mean sea level rise in the Mediterranean (Agulles et al, 2021;Ciampa et al, 2021) which would reduce the beach resource. Water availability is also expected to be reduced in the coming decades which potentially could strongly affect the tourism activities which are responsible of a large part of water consumption in Mediterranean destinations (Garcia et al, 2022). Finally, the Mediterranean coastal zone is severely impacted by extreme climatic events (e.g., storm surges) coupled with human-induced pressures (e.g., uncontrolled building on coasts), resulting in a growing vulnerability (Satta et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of loss of tourism attractiveness in the Western Mediterranean under climate change

2022

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The sun and sea tourism is key for economy of the southern European countries. This economic sector is expected to be severely affected by climate change due to the projected loss of beaches, loss of thermal comfort, water restrictions or extreme events, among other impacts. Thus, adaptation strategies need to be developed urgently. To do so, it is necessary to first conduct an assessment of the risk of loss of tourism attractiveness to guide the development of such strategies. Furthermore, uncertainties in the different factors are considered into the risk analysis. In this study we analyze the risk of loss of tourism attractiveness due to climate change in the Spanish Mediterranean destinations, in the Western Mediterranean, as a case study. To do so, the Vulnerability Sourcebook methodology is adopted and modified to incorporate the uncertainties in the different elements of the impact chains. The increase in heat stress and the loss of beach availability have been identified as the climate change induced hazards that will affect the most the region attractiveness. Also, the impact chains have been constructed and several climatic and socioeconomic indicators have been considered after a knowledge co-production process with selected stakeholders. The weights assigned to each indicator have been obtained from an analytic hierarchy process based on the results of a consultation with sector experts. The results of the impact chain operationalization have shown that exposure and vulnerability in all the touristic destinations in the region are very similar and that the hazard will largely increase in the next decades, specially under the future scenario SSP585 or the RCP8.5. However, the final risk does not seem to suffer a large increase because of the relatively small weight assigned to the hazard. In other words, the exposure (e.g., typology of the tourists and touristic activities) or the vulnerability (e.g., capacity to put in place adaptation strategies) would be more important than the projected change in the hazard (e.g., heat stress increase or beach reduction). The benefits and limitations of the methodology are discussed and some suggestions for the validation of the assessment are proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of loss of tourism attractiveness in the Western Mediterranean under climate change

2022

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“…Recent research has shown how the periods with no surface flow in these streams have grown in the last decades, putting macroinvertebrate communities at risk (García et al, 2017). The tourism sector, which is the main economic activity of the Balearic Islands and is projected to increase, accounts for about a quarter of the water consumption in the region (García et al, 2022). Therefore, temporary rivers require conservation efforts and urgent management adaptation to future environmental and societal changes, which should be properly integrated in water resources plans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tourism sector, which is the main economic activity of the Balearic Islands and is projected to increase, accounts for about a quarter of the water consumption in the region (García et al, 2022). Our study suggests four main implications for future conservation measures, gained from the combined analysis of α-and β-diversity using a space-time framework: (i) the spatiotemporal approach is essential for the monitoring, management and conservation of temporary streams owing to their temporal dynamism; (ii) β-diversity analysis revealed that several undisturbed sites need to be protected in temporary river networks, as the replacement gradient was always the dominating process among the temporary streams studied and no keystone site was found; (iii) LCBD analysis helped identify those sites that should be prioritized for restoration efforts, as the five sites with higher LCBD values also had low α-diversity values; and (iv) SCBD results should be used carefully because rare endemic species that inhabit few sites make a low contribution to β-diversity, yet they need conservation measures.…”

Section: Conservation Of Temporary Riversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of temporary streams: The relevance of spatiotemporal variation in beta diversity

Rodríguez‐Lozano,

Lobera,

Pardo

et al. 2023

Aquatic Conservation

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Temporary streams are affected by increasing human alterations, and this situation is expected to worsen under global change. Understanding biodiversity trends and the contribution of sites and species to β‐diversity is of high importance in establishing conservation priorities at a regional scale. This paper focuses on aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in temporary streams on the island of Mallorca, using a space–time framework. Differences in α‐diversity, spatial–temporal fluctuations of β‐diversity, local contribution to β‐diversity (LCBD) and species contribution to β‐diversity (SCBD) were examined. Data analysis shows that only the space–time approach to β‐diversity can capture the full variation of macroinvertebrate composition in temporary streams. This confirmed our hypothesis that β‐diversity patterns are better explained by incorporating the temporal dimension to the space–time approach. Regarding β‐diversity components, species replacement components always dominate over richness difference. These results imply that β‐diversity variability is mainly caused by differences in species composition, while the relative difference in richness among sites has a minor role. Consequently, the optimal conservation strategy requires the protection of several undisturbed sites. Although the LCBD analysis did not detect any keystone sites, it helped to identify those sites that should be prioritized for restoration efforts (sites with high LCBD values and low α‐diversity). We also concluded that SCBD analysis should be interpreted carefully, as rare endemic species had low SCBD values. This study demonstrated the need for incorporating temporal variability in the analysis of biodiversity patterns in highly dynamic ecosystems, such as temporary streams. It also revealed the urgency of preserving a spatial network of temporary streams under non‐impaired conditions that can act as dispersal point sources to other streams for biodiversity conservation. These insights are relevant for Mallorca and other Mediterranean islands, and for the protection of temporary rivers elsewhere.

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“…Our increasing but understudied desire to travel the world (Oskam, 2020b) has spurred an overconsumption that contributes to climate change (Holden, 2017; Dogru et al , 2019), alienation of resident communities (Harvey, 2012; Colomb and Novy, 2017; Milano et al , 2019; Oskam, 2020a), food waste (De Visser-Amundson, 2020; Filimonau and Delysia, 2019), excessive water consumption (Garcia et al , 2022), labor exploitation (Baum et al , 2020) and social inequality (Kim et al , 2016; Lashley, 2022). Growing attention in academic studies and in professional circles for these issues seems to indicate that tourism and hospitality are not generally seen as intrinsically beneficial to mankind.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guest editorial: Innovation in hospitality and tourism: ethical issues and challenges

Oskam

Visser-Amundson

2022

JHTI

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Zero tourism due to COVID-19: an opportunity to assess water consumption associated to tourism

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Risk of loss of tourism attractiveness in the Western Mediterranean under climate change

Risk of loss of tourism attractiveness in the Western Mediterranean under climate change

Conservation of temporary streams: The relevance of spatiotemporal variation in beta diversity

Guest editorial: Innovation in hospitality and tourism: ethical issues and challenges

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