Biomass-based porous carbon has attracted much attention
of researchers
due to its wide range of raw materials, low cost, and other advantages.
It has been also widely used in energy storage devices such as lithium-ion
batteries. The carbonization process and final morphology of biomass
are indirectly affected by the surface modification and structure
optimization of the original biomass. The focus of this study is to
prepare porous carbon, which can be used as an electrode material
of a lithium-ion battery by surface modification and structure regulation
of biomass pretreatment. In this study, the method of H2O2-assisted hydrothermal treatment was used to prepare
a kind of bagasse based porous carbon materials that can be used in
lithium-ion batteries. The reaction process of H2O2 and bagasse under hydrothermal conditions was explored and
described. The results showed that H2O2 promoted
the hydrolysis and oxidation of lignocellulose in bagasse and the
small molecules obtained from lignocellulose hydrolysis under hydrothermal
conditions would be repolymerized to form carbon spheres. The prepared
carbon material was applied to the lithium-ion battery. Under a current
density of 0.1 A g–1, the specific capacity of 891
mAh g–1 in the first cycle was displayed, and a
specific capacity of 453 mAh g–1 was maintained
after 150 cycles. At the same time, it showed a good rate performance.
After 10 cycles at current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5
A g–1, the specific capacities of 545, 421, 307,
245, 195, and 133 mAh g–1 were obtained. All the
raw materials and products used in this experiment are harmless to
the environment, which has certain guiding significance for the structural
regulation and green synthesis of lignocellulosic biomass-derived
carbon materials.