ZeroCal: Automatic MAC Protocol Calibration

Meier, Andreas; Woehrle, Matthias; Zimmerling, Marco; Thiele, Lothar

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13651-1_3

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We found these MAC configurations using pTunes and extensive experiments on our testbed. Existing MAC adaptation approaches, on the other hand, consider only per-link and per-node metrics [5,31] or focus solely on energy [9,22,28], rendering the comparison against pTunes purposeless. …”

Section: Setting and Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buettner et al demonstrate energy savings in X-MAC by adapting the wake-up interval to traffic load for one sender-receiver pair [5]. Meier et al [28] and Challen et al [9] extend network lifetime by adjusting the wake-up interval to traffic load in a static routing tree. Park et al present numerical results that indicate the potential of adaptation policies for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocols, based on per-link and per-node metrics [31].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, separating adaptivity from the protocol operation enables higher-layer services to dynamically adjust the operating parameters [32]. Although a few mechanisms utilize such control knobs, they focus either on a single metric-typically energy [9,22,28]or consider only local metrics, such as per-hop latency [5,31]. Real-world applications, however, often require to balance multiple conflicting needs such as reliability, energy, and latency, expressed on a network-wide scale [7,36,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pTUNES: Runtime parameter adaptation for low-power MAC protocols

Zlmmerling¹,

Ferrari²,

Mottola³

et al. 2012

2012 ACM/IEEE 11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)

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We present pTunes, a framework for runtime adaptation of low-power MAC protocol parameters. The MAC operating parameters bear great influence on the system performance, yet their optimal choice is a function of the current network state. Based on application requirements expressed as network lifetime, end-to-end latency, and end-to-end reliability, pTunes automatically determines optimized parameter values to adapt to link, topology, and traffic dynamics. To this end, we introduce a flexible modeling approach, separating protocol-dependent from protocol-independent aspects, which facilitates using pTunes with different MAC protocols, and design an efficient system support that integrates smoothly with the application. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we apply pTunes to X-MAC and LPP. In a 44-node testbed, pTunes achieves up to three-fold lifetime gains over static MAC parameters optimized for peak traffic, the latter being current-and almost unavoidable-practice in real deployments. pTunes promptly reacts to changes in traffic load and link quality, reducing packet loss by 80 % during periods of controlled wireless interference. Moreover, pTunes helps the routing protocol recover quickly from critical network changes, reducing packet loss by 70 % in a scenario where multiple core routing nodes fail.

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Section: Setting and Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

pTUNES: Runtime parameter adaptation for low-power MAC protocols

Zlmmerling¹,

Ferrari²,

Mottola³

et al. 2012

2012 ACM/IEEE 11th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Different from [3,4,6,9], where the MAC parameters are predetermined before deployment and usually the same on all nodes in the network, MAC parameter tuning in duty cycle sensor networks has been studied in [5,[10][11][12]. In [11], a controller is implemented on individual sensor nodes to dynamically adjust the radio duty cycle based on network traffic condition where no collaboration exits between neighboring nodes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though these works efficiently reduce individual nodal energy consumption, they may not improve the network lifetime in general. ZeroCal [10] is a MAC layer protocol which adaptively tunes the wakeup intervals between sender and receiver to balance the energy consumption of them; however, the proposed scheme does not guarantee the end-to-end delay bound as the wakeup interval can be extended to save nodal energy. Additional, ZeroCal does not consider the adaptation of other MAC parameters such as channel checking interval and data retry interval, which can further prolong the network lifetime with proper tuning.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

LB-MAC: A Lifetime-Balanced MAC Protocol for Sensor Networks

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2012

Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications

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Abstract. This paper presents LB-MAC, a new MAC protocol for asynchronous, duty cycle sensor networks. Different from existing sensor network MAC protocols that usually focus on reducing energy consumption and extending lifetime of individual sensor nodes, LB-MAC aims at prolonging the network lifetime through balancing the nodal lifetime between neighboring sensors. LB-MAC is lightweight and scalable as the required control information is only exchanged locally between neighbors. LB-MAC has been implemented in TinyOS and evaluated on a sensor network testbed with extensive experiments. Results show that LB-MAC is able to achieve a significantly longer network lifetime than state-ofthe-art MAC protocols such as X-MAC, RI-MAC and SEESAW, while maintaining comparable levels of network power consumption, packet delay and delivery ratio.

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Performance optimization of duty‐cycled MAC in delay‐energy constrained sensor network under uniform and nonuniform traffic generation

Doudou

Barceló-Ordinas

Djenouri

et al. 2016

Int J Communication

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Summary Duty‐cycle at the media access control (MAC) layer plays a key role in energy savings and network lifetime extension. It consists in putting a node's radio in the sleep state as soon as it has no communication activity. Traditional wireless sensor network MAC protocols are designed with short duty‐cycles at the cost of long delays. Careful design is required for joint energy‐delay constrained applications, where the optimal parameters should be thoroughly derived. The present paper deals with this issue and mathematically derives optimal values of key MAC parameters under low data rate applications for 3 well‐known duty‐cycled MAC protocols, WiseMAC, SCP‐MAC, and LMAC as representatives of 3 MAC protocol categories, respectively, preamble‐sampling, slotted contention‐based, and frame‐based. The analysis provides also the optimum traffic sampling rate that guarantees the minimum energy consumption. It shows the role of these parameters in achieving the targeted end‐to‐end delay constraints under network models with uniform traffic generation, for ring and grid topologies. As a second contribution, the model is extended to nonuniform traffic scenarios, where a certain percentage of deployed nodes are relays whose role is to balance traffic forwarding and save the overall network energy. The results reveal that different optimal internal MAC parameters and traffic generation rates can be found for different configurations of relay nodes deployment, which achieve minimal network energy consumption while satisfying the application required end‐to‐end delay threshold.

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ZeroCal: Automatic MAC Protocol Calibration

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

pTUNES: Runtime parameter adaptation for low-power MAC protocols

pTUNES: Runtime parameter adaptation for low-power MAC protocols

LB-MAC: A Lifetime-Balanced MAC Protocol for Sensor Networks

Performance optimization of duty‐cycled MAC in delay‐energy constrained sensor network under uniform and nonuniform traffic generation

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