Zerumbone augments cognitive enhancement potentials of EPA+DHA: insight from a hyperlipidaemic rat model

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Hyperlipidemia and cognitive dysfunction (CD) are the two public health concerns. Though hyperlipidemia has been comprehensively studied in respect of cardiovascular diseases, its role on CD needs to be explored. Hence, we evaluated hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for CD, and the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and zerumbone (Z) in modulating CD under hyperlipidemic conditions. Male Wistar rats (<jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus</jats:italic>) were fed control, high-fat (HF), high-fat + fish oil (HF+F), high-fat + zerumbone (HF+Z), and high-fat + fish oil + zerumbone (HF+F+Z) containing diet. After 30 days feeding trial, memory parameters [(Morris water maze, elevated plus maze (transfer latency), and T-maze (spontaneous alteration)], and locomotor skills (open field test and rotarod test) were assessed. Hyperlipidemia significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced memory and motor coordination skills compared to control. However, the administration of EPA+DHA and zerumbone significantly (p&lt;0.05) restored the hyperlipidemia-induced loss of memory and motor coordination skills. Collectively, our data imply that hyperlipidemia causes CD by decreasing the memory and motor coordination skills, and administration of EPA+DHA and zerumbone prevent hyperlipidemia induced CD. The augmented effect of EPA+DHA, together with zerumbone, discloses a promising strategy for lowering the severity of CD in hyperlipidemic conditions.</jats:p>

Hyperlipidemia Downregulate Brain Antioxidant Defense Enzymes and Neurotrophins in Rats: Assessment of the Modulatory Potential of EPA+DHA and Zerumbone

“…[19] The combination of EPA+DHA and Z positively modulated the hyperlipidemia induced cognition loss. [19] Since OS is an unfavorable factor that affects several organs, including the brain, [20] besides hyperlipidemia increases OS, [2] in this study, we addressed the consequence of hyperlipidemia on the brain antioxidant defense status that may have a bearing on cognitive performance. Studies have shown that increased intake of fat decreases the cerebral blood flow, causes hippocampal dysfunction, and results in memory decline.…”

“…In our previous study, we established that hyperlipidemia characterized by elevated blood lipids causes impairment in cognitive performance in rats. [ 19 ] The combination of EPA+DHA and Z positively modulated the hyperlipidemia induced cognition loss. [ 19 ] Since OS is an unfavorable factor that affects several organs, including the brain, [ 20 ] besides hyperlipidemia increases OS, [ 2 ] in this study, we addressed the consequence of hyperlipidemia on the brain antioxidant defense status that may have a bearing on cognitive performance.…”

Modulatory potentials of zerumbone isolated from ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) on eicosanoids: evidence from LPS induced peripheral blood leukocytes

“…Our previous studies revealed that zerumbone prevents cognition loss induced by hyperlipidemia in rats [7]. In the presence of long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA, 20:5n-3 + DHA, 22:6n-3), zerumbone presented greater effects in preventing hyperlipidemia-induced cognitive decline [7]. Because of the presence of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based moiety in its structure [8], zerumbone may potentially alter the inflammatory response triggered in the body.…”

“…Many investigators using cell lines and animal models have addressed the anti-cancerous [2], hepatoprotective [3], hypolipidemic [4], antioxidative [5], and neuroprotective [6], effects of zerumbone (Z). Our previous studies revealed that zerumbone prevents cognition loss induced by hyperlipidemia in rats [7]. In the presence of long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA, 20:5n-3 + DHA, 22:6n-3), zerumbone presented greater effects in preventing hyperlipidemia-induced cognitive decline [7].…”

Synergistic Effect of Yemeni Sesame Oil and Squalene on Hyperlipidemia-induced Reproductive Damage in Male Rats

“…Hyperlipidemia, one of the common metabolic syndromes [1], is usually expressed as the abnormal elevation of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the blood [2]. Hyperlipidemia is a critical damageinducing factor for cardiovascular disease and frequently brings about many complications, such as cardiac damage [3], sexual dysfunction [4], cognitive impairment [5], inflammation, and insulin resistance [6]. Strong associations are seen between hyperlipidemia and sexual dysfunction especially erectile dysfunction (ED).…”