Zidovudine and Lamivudine for HIV Infection

Abstract

Zidovudine and lamivudine (ZDV and 3TC) are long-standing nucleoside analog-reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with extensive clinical experience in a wide spectrum of patients from in utero through childhood and adult ages. The safety profiles of both drugs are well-known and side effects for ZDV most commonly include nausea/vomiting, fatigue, anemia/neutopenia, and lipoatrophy; while 3TC is well-tolerated. ZDV-3TC is currently a viable alternative NRTI backbone for initial three-drug therapy of HIV infection when tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) cannot be used because of a relative or absolute contraindication. ZDV-3TC continue to be viable alternatives for children, pregnant women and in resource limited settings where other recommended options are not readily available. ZDV-3TC penetrate the Central Nervous System (CNS) well, which makes ZDV-3TC attractive for use in patients with HIV-associated neurological deficits. Additional benefits of these drugs may include the use of ZDV in combination with certain NRTIs to exert selective pressure to prevent particular drug resistance mutations from developing, and giving a short course of ZDV-3TC to prevent resistance after prophylactic single dose nevirapine.

Multi-target direct-acting SARS-CoV-2 antivirals against the nucleotide-binding pockets of virus-specific proteins

“…Tenofovir has replaced AZT for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B virus (HBV) ( Masho et al, 2007 ). Sofosbuvir (anti-hepatitis C directed against hepatitis C virus (HCV) RdRp) ( Temesgen et al, 2014 ), acyclovir (anti-herpes simplex viruses (HSV) family against viral DNA polymerase) ( Kimberlin and Whitley, 2007 ), entecavir (anti-HBV viral polymerase) ( Dimou et al, 2007 ), lamivudine (anti-HBV and anti-HIV by targeting RT enzyme) ( Anderson and Rower, 2010 ) and various other antiviral drugs. These medications are nucleotide derivatives that compete with the physiological nucleotides for binding to the NBPs of the viral proteins.…”

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“…Lamuvudine is a HIV medication used in used in humans for HIV. 5 Lamuvudine was the drug of choice; a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) which act by decreasing the amount viraemia. However, in literature, toxicities were observed in cats treated with zidovudine and lamivudine combination.…”

“…However, in literature, toxicities were observed in cats treated with zidovudine and lamivudine combination. 5 None of the research has tested FIV patients for lamuvudine alone so far.…”