ZIF-8 Nanoparticles Based Electrochemical Sensor for Non-Enzymatic Creatinine Detection

Abstract

There is a consistent demand for developing highly sensitive, stable, cost-effective, and easy-to-fabricate creatinine sensors as creatinine is a reliable indicator of kidney and muscle-related disorders. Herein, we reported a highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical creatinine sensor via modifying poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs). The topography, crystallinity, and composition of the sensing electrode were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The peroxidase-like activity of ZIF-8 nanoparticles enabled it to detect creatinine forming a zinc-creatinine composite. The electrochemical behavior and sensing performance were evaluated by amperometric and impedimetric analysis. The sensor obtained a sufficiently low limit of detection (LOD) of 30 µM in a clinically acceptable linear range (0.05 mM–2.5 mM). The interference study demonstrated high selectivity of the sensor for creatinine concerning other similar biomolecules. The sensing performance of the creatinine sensor was verified in the actual human serum, which showed excellent recovery rates. Hence, the magnificent performance of ZIF-8 based non-enzymatic creatinine sensor validated it as a responsible entity for other complicated renal markers detection.

Sensitivity Detection of Uric Acid and Creatinine in Human Urine Based on Nanoporous Gold

“…Compared with the reported electrochemical sensors for creatinine detection as shown in Table S2 (Supplementary Materials) , such as GCE [ 32 ] (indirect detection based on electrochemical catalysis of picric acid), electrodeposition Cu/SPCE [ 54 ], Fc-enzy.ink/SPCE [ 55 ], and CuNPs/PDA-rGO-NB/GCE [ 56 ], the NPG/GCE electrode exhibited a wider detection range with a lower LOD, which makes it more suitable for practical detection requirements. Additionally, an improved linear dynamic range has been achieved by the electrochemical sensor based on ZIF-8 NPs/PEDOT:PSS/ITO [ 57 ]. Compared with the electrochemical sensor constructed by ZIF-8 NPs/PEDOT:PSS/ITO [ 57 ], the NPG/GCE electrode has a comparable linear dynamic range with a lower LOD.…”

“…Additionally, an improved linear dynamic range has been achieved by the electrochemical sensor based on ZIF-8 NPs/PEDOT:PSS/ITO [ 57 ]. Compared with the electrochemical sensor constructed by ZIF-8 NPs/PEDOT:PSS/ITO [ 57 ], the NPG/GCE electrode has a comparable linear dynamic range with a lower LOD. Especially, the simple fabrication and cost efficiency of the NPG/GCE electrode may make it more competitive in practical applications.…”

Engineering the ZIF-8 Pore for Electrochemical Sensor Applications─A Mini Review

“…Moreover, the unique pore size of ZIF-8 can accommodate conducting nanoparticles, which is relevant to electrochemical application and makes such material more valuable toward relevant applications, specifically in the field of electrochemical sensors. 22 …”

“…Conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxides, room temperature ionic liquids, gold nanoparticles, and conducting polymers have conductivity in the range of mS/cm 2 to S/cm 2 , whereas ZIF-8 possesses conductivity in the range of μS/cm 2 to mS/cm 2 but possesses a high specific capacitance range from 150 to 350 F/g, which makes this material exquisite for electrochemical application. Moreover, the unique pore size of ZIF-8 can accommodate conducting nanoparticles, which is relevant to electrochemical application and makes such material more valuable toward relevant applications, specifically in the field of electrochemical sensors …”

“…Moreover, the unique pore size of ZIF-8 can accommodate conducting nanoparticles, which is relevant to electrochemical application and makes such material more valuable toward relevant applications, specifically in the field of electrochemical sensors. 22 Paul et al utilized the cavity of pristine ZIF-8 to encapsulate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well as glucose oxidase (GOx) to fabricate a mediator-free enzymatic glucose sensor based on DC-based amperometry. An in situ synthesis route is utilized to encapsulate both enzyme and nanoparticle and perform several physicochemical characterizations to investigate the structural characteristics.…”