Zigbee based VANETs for accident rescue missions in 3G WCDMA networks

Bhargav, K. R. Kartic; Singhal, Rahul

doi:10.1109/ghtc-sas.2013.6629936

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is essential for certain unique channels of communication used for rescue, army and other crises [20]- [21]. Also, as the bandwidth is sufficiently big, it is possible to reduce the respective transmitter power, which is more energy-efficient and suitable to be enforced for some unique occasions when a rigorous transmitter energy threshold is set [23 ]. In addition, the safety may also be improved along with the low power characteristic, since the truncation of the spread spectrum signals acts as noise for the band-limited receivers and cannot be intentionally intercepted and blocked without the prior information about the spread spectrum signaling scheme.…”

Section: Essential Concepts and Advantages Of Spread Spectrum Sigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Knowba Filtering Method for Intereference Rejection in NBDSSS

Muralidhar

2019

IJEAT

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Spread spectrum communication is a communication method that deliberately makes the bandwidth of the transmitted waveform larger than would be required to transmit the data over the channel.One of the most encouraging multiplexing techniques for present and forthcoming telecommunications services, such as private communications, ad-hoc wireless communications, third-generation cellular telephony and sensor networks, is the CDMA(code division multiple access) implemented with direct-sequence (DS) signaling. DS-CDMA's benefits include superior operation in multi-path settings, flexibility in channel allocation, enhanced capacity in fading settings, and the capability to share bandwidth with narrowband communication technologies without deteriorating the efficiency of either system. In our work,we are proposing a new know-ba strategy to dismissing interference where originally monitoring signal environment with high precision is called from the library and subsequently based on data that is appropriate for dismissing interference. Various interference scenarios are simulated using computer simulations to show the efficiency of the method.

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Section: Essential Concepts and Advantages Of Spread Spectrum Sigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Knowba Filtering Method for Intereference Rejection in NBDSSS

Muralidhar

2019

IJEAT

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“…From (13), it is evident that there are two random variables which will determine the value of D i and other parameters are stipulated and fixed. On average, we have (14) Because the bits of the PN sequence can be viewed as binomial distributed random variables and the Gaussian variables are still Gaussian-distributed after being processed by linear operations [39], we can have (15) and (16) Hence, (14) can be simplified to (17) Assume the band-limited power spectral density of the noise is [7] (18) Therefore, by basic probability theory [40], we can prove the variance of the difference D i is (19) According to the average and variance obtained above, by the definition of a Gaussian variable and its statistical properties, we can figure out the distribution of difference D i (20) Consequently, according to (13), the error probability can be expressed by (21) In order to figure out the relationship between the normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per information bit and error probability , we first need to clarify the relationship between the energy per chip and the energy per information bit . According to the (n, k) coding scheme, it is easy to derive (22) Fig.…”

Section: B Detection and Error Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review of Spread Spectrum Signaling: Performance, Applications and Implementation

Ma¹,

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2015

jcm

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In this paper, we will review spread spectrum signaling techniques in terms of performance, applications and implementation. Specifically, we focus on direct sequence spread spectrum signaling and CDMA, as the most important applications of spread spectrum signaling techniques, analyzing them in details. With a number of theoretical derivations and simulations, their mathematical characteristics, merits and drawbacks can be revealed. By reading this paper, the readers are expected to have a broad understanding of spread spectrum signaling as well as of direct sequence spread spectrum signaling and CDMA.

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“…It is simple and cheaper than Wi-Fi and Bluetooth standards. Moreover, it can support more mobile nodes simultaneously and has self-healing capability [17]. Like Bluetooth, it can be used to support V2V and V2I applications.…”

Section: Zigbeementioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Vanet Technologies

K¹,

M²,

Bharathi³

et al. 2015

IJCA

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VANETS are considered as one of the most prominent technologies for improving the efficiency and safety of modern transportation systems. A VANET will be a major contribution toward the realization of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The main aim of VANET ranges from improved road safety, time critical safety applications, optimized traffic flow, delay tolerant, and infotainment and so on. High relative nodes pace and high active nodes mass has offered a typical challenges for connectivity within VANET. A lot of researches from the industry, academia, and standardized agencies to develop standards and prototypes for vehicular networks. In this paper, a complete survey on existing technologies in VANET is being presented. KeywordsVANET (Vehicular Adhoc NETwork), OBU (On Board Unit), RSU (Road Side Unit), AU (Application Unit), DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication), WAVE (Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment). INTRODUCTIONVehicles are needed for transportation. People drive cars so that they can have the freedom they need to be able to get where they need to go when they need to get there. Due this reason number of vehicles is increased. The increase in vehicles leads to lot of mishaps on the road which can happen in highway or city areas. To overcome these catastrophes a good communication network need to be built between the vehicles. This leads to a new advance technology Vehicular Adhoc NETwork (VANET). VANET is one of the sub branches of MANET technology. In Mobile Adhoc NETwork (MANET) each mobile is considered as node whereas in VANET each vehicle is considered as a node. These days, an immense number of auto organizations are conveying vehicles with in-auto sensors, installed figuring and remote specialized gadgets, and navigation systems (e.g., GPS) in preparation for the use of large-scale vehicular networks. By using different sensors, cameras and communication competence, vehicles can gather and interpret information with the intention of helping the driver to make a judgment, particularly in driver support systems. Fig 1 gives the comparison between MANET and VANET. The nodes in MANET and VANET are self-composed, selfguided specially ad hoc network and decentralized in a distributed manner with a self observed authority or a server to direct the communication. Nodes themselves go about as servers and/or clients by exchanging and sharing data like peers. Even though VANET is a subpart of MANET, there are lot of difference in the characteristics of MANET and VANET. The MANET can contain many nodes that have uncontrolled moving prototypes. But since VANET is created generally by vehicles so node movement is limited by factors like road lane, traffic and traffic regulations. MANET vs VANET MANET Characteristics and Applications MANET CharacteristicsDistributed operation: For the central control of the network operations, thusly there is no backgrounds arrange rather the control of the network is conveyed among the nodes. The nodes included in a MANET ought to coordinate with one anoth...

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Zigbee based VANETs for accident rescue missions in 3G WCDMA networks

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Implementation of Knowba Filtering Method for Intereference Rejection in NBDSSS

Implementation of Knowba Filtering Method for Intereference Rejection in NBDSSS

Literature Review of Spread Spectrum Signaling: Performance, Applications and Implementation

A Survey on Vanet Technologies

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