Zika: An emerging disease requiring prevention and awareness

Elliott, Rebekah; Banerjee, Tuhina; Santra, Santimukul

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006486

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The virus drew little attention until the first documented human outbreak occurred in the Pacific Islands and the recent epidemic in South America [35][36][37]. ZIKV has spread to over 60 countries [38][39][40]. The majority of the ZIKVinfected people are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus NS2A protein induces the degradation of KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) via chaperone-mediated autophagy

Yang

Chang

et al. 2020

Autophagy

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KPNA2/importin-alpha1 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) is the primary nucleocytoplasmic transporter for some transcription factors to activate cellular proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant increase of KPNA2 level is identified as a prognostic marker in a variety of cancers. Yet, the turnover mechanism of KPNA2 remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that KPNA2 is degraded via the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and that Zika virus (ZIKV) enhances the KPNA2 degradation. KPNA2 contains a CMA motif, which possesses an indispensable residue Gln109 for the CMA-mediated degradation. RNAimediated knockdown of LAMP2A, a vital component of the CMA pathway, led to a higher level of KPNA2. Moreover, ZIKV reduced KPNA2 via the viral NS2A protein, which contains an essential residue Thr100 for inducing the CMA-mediated KPNA2 degradation. Notably, mutant ZIKV with T100A alteration in NS2A replicates much weaker than the wild-type virus. Also, knockdown of KPNA2 led to a higher ZIKV viral yield, which indicates that KPNA2 mediates certain antiviral effects. These data provide insights into the KPNA2 turnover and the ZIKV-cell interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus NS2A protein induces the degradation of KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) via chaperone-mediated autophagy

Yang

Chang

et al. 2020

Autophagy

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“…The recent epidemic of ZIKV infection was reported in Brazil in 2015, and by the end of that year, the number of infected individuals was estimated to be one million in Brazil alone. The virus is also transmitted to Colombia, Puerto Rico and other 60 countries (Elliott et al, 2018; Hennessey et al, 2016; Hills et al, 2017). In the United States, ZIKV infection is also detected in the returning travelers (Hennessey et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus NS5 protein antagonizes type I interferon production via blocking TBK1 activation

Lin

Yang

et al. 2019

Virology

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the family of Flaviviridae. Unlike other flaviviruses, ZIKV infection of pregnant women may result in birth defects in their newborns, such as microcephaly or vision problem. ZIKV is known to antagonize the interferon (IFN) production in infected cells. However, the exact mechanism of this interference is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that NS5 protein of ZIKV MR766 strain antagonizes IFN production through inhibiting the activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which phosphorylates the transcription activator IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Mechanistically, NS5 interacts with the ubiquitin-like domain of TBK1 and results in less complex of TBK1 and TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), leading to dampened TBK1 activation and IRF3 phosphorylation. Our study provides insights into the mechanism of ZIKV evasion of IFN-mediated innate immunity.

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“…However, epidemiological investigations of the recent outbreak in Brazil and earlier outbreaks in Asia and Polynesia has linked ZIKV infection to clinical manifestations such as neonatal microcephaly and increased neurological disorders such as the Guillain-Barré Syndrome [5]. This prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the ZIKV epidemic a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in 2016 [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for infection but not transmission of Zika virus by Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Spain

et al. 2019

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Background: A number of mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue virus (DENV), Usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) are autochthonously transmitted in Europe and six invasive mosquito species have been detected in this temperate region. This has increased the risk for the emergence of further mosquito-borne diseases. However, there is a paucity of information on whether European populations of invasive mosquito species are competent to transmit arboviruses. In this study, the susceptibility of Aedes albopictus originating from Spain and a laboratory-adapted colony of Aedes aegypti, was assessed for infection with, and transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV). Vertical transmission in both species was also assessed. Methods: Aedes albopictus colonised from eggs collected in Spain and an existing colony of Ae. aegypti were fed infectious blood meals containing ZIKV (Polynesian strain) at 1.6 × 10 7 PFU/ml. Blood-fed mosquitoes were separated and maintained at 20 °C or 25 °C. Legs, saliva and bodies were sampled from specimens at 7, 14 and 21 days postinfection (dpi) in order to determine infection, dissemination and transmission rates. All samples were analysed by real-time RT-PCR using primers targeting the ZIKV NS1 gene. Results: At 14 dpi and 21 dpi, ZIKV RNA was detected in the bodies of both species at both temperatures. However, live virus only was detected in the saliva of Ae. aegypti at 25 °C with a transmission rate of 44%. No evidence for virus expectoration was obtained for Ae. albopictus under any condition. Notably, ZIKV RNA was not detectable in the saliva of Ae. aegypti at 20 °C after 21 days. No vertical transmission of ZIKV was detected in this study. Conclusions: Experimental infection of Ae. albopictus colonized from Spain with ZIKV did not result in expectoration of virus in saliva in contrast to results for Ae. aegypti. No evidence of vertical transmission of virus was observed in this study. This suggests that this strain of Ae. albopictus is not competent for ZIKV transmission under the conditions tested.

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Zika: An emerging disease requiring prevention and awareness

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Zika virus NS2A protein induces the degradation of KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) via chaperone-mediated autophagy

Zika virus NS2A protein induces the degradation of KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) via chaperone-mediated autophagy

Zika virus NS5 protein antagonizes type I interferon production via blocking TBK1 activation

Evidence for infection but not transmission of Zika virus by Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Spain

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