Zinc and SARS‑CoV‑2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with RNA‑dependent RNA‑polymerase and 3C‑like proteinase enzymes

Pormohammad, Ali; Monych, Nadia K.; Turner, Raymond J.

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4790

Cited by 48 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Similar conclusions have been also drawn in various recent reviews aimed at assessing the potential positive role of zinc in COVID-19 treatment ( Joachimiak, 2021 ; Celik et al, 2020; de Almeida Brasiel, 2020; Name et al, 2020 ; Pormohammad et al, 2021 ; Rahman and Idi, 2020). In another recent review on the role of nutritional supplements as potential therapeutic adjuvants in COVID-19, Costagliola et al (2021) concluded that the supplementation of vitamin D, probiotics, lactoferrin and zinc, might be useful as an adjuvant treatment in COVID-19, as well as in the prevention of viral spreading.…”

Section: Essential Trace Elements and Covid-19supporting

confidence: 77%

The effects of some essential and toxic metals/metalloids in COVID-19: A review

Domingo

Marquès

2021

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Thousands of studies have been conducted in order to understand in depth the characteristics of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, its infectivity and ways of transmission, and very especially everything related to the clinical and severity of the COVID-19, as well as the potential treatments. In this sense, the role that essential and toxic metals/metalloids have in the development and course of this disease is being studied. Metals/metalloids such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury or vanadium, are elements with known toxic effects in mammals, while trace elements such as cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc are considered essential. Given the importance of metals/metalloids in nutrition and human health, the present review was aimed at assessing the relationship between various essential and toxic metals/metalloids and the health outcomes related with the COVID-19. We are in the position to conclude that particular attention must be paid to the load/levels of essential trace elements in COVID-19 patients, mainly zinc and selenium. On the other hand, the exposure to air pollutants in general, and toxic metal/metalloids in particular, should be avoided as much as possible to reduce the possibilities of viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Essential Trace Elements and Covid-19supporting

confidence: 77%

The effects of some essential and toxic metals/metalloids in COVID-19: A review

Domingo

Marquès

2021

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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“…Zinc is a trace element that plays a role in the development and function of the immune system exhibiting direct or indirect anti-viral properties [ 13 , 14 ]. High intracellular zinc levels were reported to stall the replication of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus that caused the severe acute respiratory syndrome [ 14 – 16 ]. Some reports demonstrate the synergistic effect of zinc with anti-viral therapy in SARS-CoV-2 [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of zinc sulfate as an adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a two center propensity-score matched study

et al. 2021

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Background Zinc is a trace element that plays a role in stimulating innate and acquired immunity. The role of zinc in critically ill patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zinc sulfate as adjunctive therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods Patients aged ≥ 18 years with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in two tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia were retrospectively assessed for zinc use from March 1, 2020 until March 31, 2021. After propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) based on the selected criteria, we assessed the association of zinc used as adjunctive therapy with the 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included the in-hospital mortality, ventilator free days, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and complication (s) during ICU stay. Results A total of 164 patients were included, 82 patients received zinc. Patients who received zinc sulfate as adjunctive therapy have a lower 30-day mortality (HR 0.52, CI 0.29, 0.92; p = 0.03). On the other hand, the in-hospital mortality was not statistically significant between the two groups (HR 0.64, CI 0.37–1.10; p = 0.11). Zinc sulfate use was associated with a lower odds of acute kidney injury development during ICU stay (OR 0.46 CI 0.19–1.06; p = 0.07); however, it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion The use of zinc sulfate as an additional treatment in critically ill COVID-19 patients may improve survival. Furthermore, zinc supplementation may have a protective effect on the kidneys.

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“…Of relevance, replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also needs two essential enzymes, RdRp and 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro). The zinc-binding sites were shown to be conserved in RdRp and 3CLpro by molecular modeling [20] . Though exact mechanisms are not yet defined, zinc-binding can reduce the enzymatic activities of 3CLpro and RdRp to inhibit viral replication [19] .…”

Section: Zinc: An Antiviral Nutrientmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic: Can zinc supplementation provide an additional shield against the infection?

Razzaque

2021

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-induced severe acute respiratory syndrome is a global pandemic. As a preventive measure, human movement is restricted in most of the world. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), along with the WHO have laid out some therapeutic guidelines for the infected patients. However, other than handwashing and vigilance surrounding commonly encountered oronasal symptoms and fever, no useful prophylactic measure has yet been established. In a pandemic, the accessibility of a prophylactic biologically active substance is crucial. Ideally, it would be something readily available at a low price to a larger percentage of the population with minimal risk. Studies have demonstrated that zinc may reduce viral replication and increase immune responses. For example, in some studies, zinc supplementation used against the influenza virus has been shown to yield clinical benefits with reduced disease burden. While consuming zinc (within the recommended upper safety limits), as a prophylactic might provide an additional shield against the initiation and progression of COVID-19 would need clinical studies, the potential clearly exists.

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Zinc and SARS‑CoV‑2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with RNA‑dependent RNA‑polymerase and 3C‑like proteinase enzymes

Cited by 48 publications

References 71 publications

The effects of some essential and toxic metals/metalloids in COVID-19: A review

The effects of some essential and toxic metals/metalloids in COVID-19: A review

Evaluation of zinc sulfate as an adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a two center propensity-score matched study

COVID-19 pandemic: Can zinc supplementation provide an additional shield against the infection?

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