Zinc carboxylic salts used as catalyst in the biodiesel synthesis by esterification and transesterification: Study of the stability in the reaction medium

Reinoso, Deborath Mariana; Damiani, Daniel Eduardo; Tonetto, Gabriela Marta

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2012.09.014

Cited by 55 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The reduction in the FAME formation at 1 and 5 wt% FFA attributed to neutralization of active sites and/or reduction in the active sites due to the competitive adsorption of fatty acids and glycerides. Reinoso et al [15] also observed the FAME hydrolysis in the presence of water by a zinc caboxylate catalyst.…”

Section: Effect Of Ffa and Water Content On Mg 3 Zn 1 Co 2 Ppt Catalymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…To check the possibility of leaching 500 mg of Mg 3 Zn 1 CO 2 ppt was placed in contact with 7.5 g of methanol and 1 g of glycerol to investigate the potential formation of Mg methoxide and Zn monoglyceride due to the leaching of Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions during the transesterifcation reaction since Zn monoglyceride and Mg methoxide are known to be active for the transesterification reaction [15,16]. The leaching studies were carried out at the identical temperature, shaking rate and time duration as the transesterification process (Section 2.3).…”

Section: Leaching Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Mg-Zn mixed oxide catalyst for biodiesel production

Pasupulety

Rempel

2015

Applied Catalysis A: General

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Section: Effect Of Ffa and Water Content On Mg 3 Zn 1 Co 2 Ppt Catalymentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Leaching Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Mg-Zn mixed oxide catalyst for biodiesel production

Pasupulety

Rempel

2015

Applied Catalysis A: General

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“…7,8 Industrial biodiesel production uses homogeneous alkaline catalysts (KOH, NaOH and NaOCH 3 ) due to its low cost and high yield of the final products. [9][10][11] Although these catalysts are effective, the serious environmental problems they cause has driven the development of more active and selective heterogeneous catalysts lately. 12,13 The application of heterogeneous catalysts in transesterification reactions is considered a green technology as the catalysts are easily separated from the products and can be recycled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium and Nickel Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Macaw Oil

Abreu¹,

Moura²,

Costa³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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It is presented herein heterogeneous catalysts comprised of strontium and nickel oxides synthesized using a coprecipitation method. They were applied for the preparation of biodiesel from macaw palm oil. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), adsorption and desorption of nitrogen by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). The conversion was determined by gas chromatography with flame detector (GC-FID). The best activity was obtained when the catalyst was calcined at 1100 °C for 3 hours. The highest conversion was reached (97%) when the following conditions were used: 5 hours, 2% of metal loading, 65 °C and oil/alcohol molar ratio of 1:9. Keywords: heterogeneous catalyst, coprecipitation, biodiesel, macaw oil IntroductionThe large increase in global petroleum consumption has caused huge environmental impacts and economic issues. In order to provide a future reduction of the world oil dependence, the development of renewable fuels like biodiesel is quite attractive 1,2 since the main advantages of biodiesel include biodegradability, high flash point and low emissions of carbon monoxide and other pollutants. 3,4 According to Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP) resolution 14/2012 5 and law number 11.097, 6 which deals with the introduction of sustainable fuel in the Brazilian energy matrix, biodiesel refers to renewable fuels derived from raw materials meant to be used in internal combustion compression ignition engines; they may partially or totally replace fossil feedstock. Usually, these compounds are made by chemically reacting triglyceride molecules present in vegetable oils and animal fats with methanol or ethanol in the presence of a suitable catalyst to form alkyl esters of fatty acids and glicerol. 7,8 Industrial biodiesel production uses homogeneous alkaline catalysts (KOH, NaOH and NaOCH 3 ) due to its low cost and high yield of the final products.9-11 Although these catalysts are effective, the serious environmental problems they cause has driven the development of more active and selective heterogeneous catalysts lately. 12,13 The application of heterogeneous catalysts in transesterification reactions is considered a green technology as the catalysts are easily separated from the products and can be recycled. Moreover, the reaction method utilizes less water than the homogeneous catalysts processes.14,15 Thus, the development of efficient and low cost heterogeneous catalysts raises the possibility of their commercially utilization on biodiesel production. 16 Many heterogeneous catalysts have been widely investigated for vegetable oils transesterification such as alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and transition metal hydroxides compounds supported on alumina, zeolites, hydrotalcites and ion exchange resins. [17][18][19][20][21][22] In accordance to Zabeti et al. 23 strontium oxide...

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“…This homogeneous acid catalyst is also soluble in the reaction mixture which makes difficult to completely wash it out from the biodiesel. Heterogeneous catalysts are solid and can be easily separated from the product by filtration, eliminating the necessity to wash out the catalyst (Reinoso et al, 2012). However, the active sites are less accessible for the reactants decreasing its activity (Van Gerpen, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of sulfonated nanoporous carbons as acid catalysts for Fischer esterification reactions

Tamborini

Militello

Balach

et al. 2019

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

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Heterogeneous acid catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of nanoporous carbons (NPCs). The NPCs were produced by pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde nanoporous resins (NPRs). The NPRs were synthesized as wet gels by condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in a sol-gel polycondensation using Na 2 CO 3 as catalyst. A cationic polyelectrolyte (poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)) was used as pore stabilizer, allowing to dry the gels in air without any special procedures. Five NPRs with different properties were synthesized by varying the monomer to catalyst ratio (Resorcinol/Na 2 CO 3 , R/C). The morphological and textural characterizations of the NPCs were performed by scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results indicate that using a molar ratio of R/C = 200, a nanoporous carbon NPC with large surface area (695 m 2 /g) is obtained. This NPC was sulfonated by reaction with three different sulfonating agents: (i) concentrated sulfuric acid; (ii) fuming sulfuric acid and (iii) chlorosulfonic acid in order to obtain a novel Fischer esterification catalyst. The amount of acid groups attached to the NPC surface was determined by titration using a modified Boehm method. The catalytic activity, for Fischer esterification reaction of different sulfonated NPCs, was compared with sulfonated NPRs, sulfonated commercial porous carbons and polymeric acid catalyst (cationic ion exchange resins, sulfonated fluoropolymers). The modification of NPCs with concentrated sulfuric

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Zinc carboxylic salts used as catalyst in the biodiesel synthesis by esterification and transesterification: Study of the stability in the reaction medium

Cited by 55 publications

References 22 publications

Studies on Mg-Zn mixed oxide catalyst for biodiesel production

Studies on Mg-Zn mixed oxide catalyst for biodiesel production

Strontium and Nickel Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Macaw Oil

Application of sulfonated nanoporous carbons as acid catalysts for Fischer esterification reactions

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