Modifying nanostructures of colloidal quantum dots (QDs),
such
as forming core/shell structures and alloying, is a common strategy
for tuning their optical properties. However, the relationship between
the actual nanostructures and optical properties of QDs remains poorly
discussed owing to inherent difficulties in the structural analysis
of QDs. Here, we investigated nanostructures of CuInSe2/ZnS core/shell QDs as a function of temperature during ZnS shell
growth using X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy spectrum imaging
combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Lower signal-to-noise
ratios resulting from very weak characteristic X-rays emitted from
QDs were overcome using an aberration-corrected transmission electron
microscope equipped with a large solid-angle X-ray detection system
(total solid angle of 1.6 sr). The nanoscale X-ray mapping elucidated
that QDs with homogeneous cores and island-like shells surrounding
core vertexes were formed at temperatures of 225 and 250 °C.
Moreover, diffusion of Zn atoms from shells to cores was revealed
by quantitative analysis of the core composition and verified by atomic
diffusion simulations. These modified nanostructures should contribute
to the decrease in surface traps and internal defects, enhancing the
optical properties of QDs. The nanoscale X-ray mapping provides direct
evidence of modified nanostructures of QDs.