Zinc (II) Bromide: An Overview of its Solution Chemistry and Recent Applications in Synthesis†

Abstract

An overview of the use of Zinc bromide (ZnBr 2 ) in organic synthesis and other applications is presented. Some details on the structure of the inorganic material and its ligated adducts is also detailed. This aspect is presented in a context that attempts to relate the observed coordination chemistry with the activity of the title compound in Lewis acidmediated processes.

An Exploration of the Metal Oxide-assisted Decomposition and Rearrangement of N-Acyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones Leading to 2-Aryl-2-oxazolines [1]

“…Although chiral centres located at ring position C-4 of the oxazoline product will presumably be unaffected by cyclisation of enantiopure N-acyl-4-R-2-oxazolidinones under these conditions, it is unclear as to the result at ring position C-5. A recent disclosure by Hoye et al [56] has demonstrated that the reaction depicted in Scheme 1 can be performed at lower temperatures using a combination of LiI and DBU as mediators. Unfortunately, this method was ineffective in the formation of 5-substituted oxazolines such as 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-oxazoline.…”

ZnBr2Mediated C−N Bond Formation using Cinnamyl Alcohol and 2‐Amino Pyridines

“…Zinc catalyzed organic reactions [12][13][14][15][16] are well explored as zinc-catalysts are environmentally friendly, nontoxic, abundant, and inexpensive. It is one of the essential elements that helps regulating enzymatic functions in the animal and plant kingdom.…”

“…[12] Recently, there have been many reports on using zinc salts for CÀ C, C-hetero atom bond-forming reactions. [13][14][15][16] Among zinc salts, ZnBr 2 is well documented for carbon-carbon, carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions, cyclization, and ring-opening reactions. [16] However, compared to other metals, zinc-mediated reactions are underdeveloped, which motivated us to design a new method for CÀ N bond formation following our previous reports [8] .…”

Applications of Zirconium (IV) Compounds in Organic Synthesis

“…The Lewis acids most frequently used in organic synthesis are AlCl 3 [4], BF 3 ·Et 2 O [5], zinc salt [6], TiCl 4 [7], FeCl 3 [8] and SnCl 4 [9]. Recently, indium salt [10][11][12], bismuth (III) compounds [13,14], CeCl 3 [15] and NbCl 5 [16] have gained a lot of attention as Lewis acids for organic reactions.…”