Zinc(II) oxide solubility and phase behavior in aqueous sodium phosphate solutions at elevated temperatures

Ziemniak, S.E.; Jones, Michael E.; Combs, K. E. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00651861

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…6 So far the microstructures of Zn(H 2 O) 6 2+ and Zn(OH) 4 2+ have been measured by EXAFS. 7 However, it is difficult to determine the microstructures of Zn(OH) n (H 2 O) m 2-n , because the concentration of soluble Zn(II) at pH values of [8][9][10][11][12][13], where these species exist, is too low to be detected by EXAFS. Also, different zinc species coexist simultaneously in this pH range, making the measurement of individual species difficult with EXAFS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Chemical Studies of Mononuclear Zinc Species of Hydration and Hydrolysis

Zhu

Pan

2005

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Optimal geometries, charge distributions, bond analysis, changes of Gibbs free energy, entropies and enthalpies of hydration, and hydrolysis reactions for mononuclear species of Zn 2+ including hydrated and hydrolysis complexes were investigated using quantum chemical calculations in the gas phase. Optimized geometrical structures showed that the stable hydrated and hydrolysis zinc species without outer-sphere water molecules . Results of NPA (Natural Population Analysis) indicated that the charge on the Zn atom of the hydrated ions decreased but the charge on the zinc atom of the hydrolysis species increased with the increase of inner-sphere water molecules. NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) analyses demonstrated that hydrated and hydrolysis species of zinc were mainly electrostatic bonding compounds. Calculations of reaction energies indicated that inner-sphere water molecules became more unfavorable as the hydrolysis increased. Stepwise hydrolysis equilibrium constants decreased successively and the order remained unchanged when the inner-sphere dehydration occurred.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the order of the experimentally measured stepwise hydrolysis equilibrium constants is often contradicted among different investigators due to various experimental limitations. 6,[8][9][10][11][12][13] Quantum chemical analysis could be helpful in improving our understandings of these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Chemical Studies of Mononuclear Zinc Species of Hydration and Hydrolysis

Zhu

Pan

2005

J. Phys. Chem. A

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“…The various values for the stability constants of Zn(OH) + in different media also demonstrated the effect of the anions on both composition and stability of the hydrolysis species. However, it must be mentioned that almost all of those studies, including recent relevant published work, [26,27,28] were conducted in very dilute nonsulfuric acid solutions. It can be a completely different situation for the solution composition of interest in this work, since the formation of polynuclear zinc hydroxo complexes is certainly dependent on the total zinc(II) concentration, pH, temperature, ionic strength, and the electrolyte medium.…”

Section: Overview Of Zinc Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Bold values in the table are taken from Izatt et al [15] [40] Ϫ147.06 [40] Ϫ330.10 [10,28] Ϫ522.73 [40] Ϫ488.441 [21,22] 0 69.96 [40] Ϫ154.2 [40] 81.6, [27] 42.7, [25] 5, [10] Ϫ46.2 [1] Ϫ133.5, [40] 0, [28] 67.7 [29] 81.6 *The bold figures were used in this work if more than one value is listed. All values of ionic entropies S 0 are referred to an absolute scale against S 0 (H + ) ϭ 22.2.…”

Section: 742mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large and positive ionic entropy was suggested by assuming that the Zn(II) hydrolysis was similar to that of Cu(II). The standard entropy of Cu(OH) + was cited [28] to be 113.9 J mol Ϫ1 K Ϫ1 . If the standard ionic entropies of Zn(II) and Cu(II) species from literature are plotted against the hydroxyl coordination number in the complex, as shown Figure 6, then the large positive value (81.6) is more reasonable for Zn(OH) + ion.…”

Section: Overview Of Zinc Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The acid-base behavior of zinc sulfate electrolytes: The temperature effect

Wang

Breisinger

1998

Metall Mater Trans B

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The pH of both synthetic zinc sulfate solutions of various compositions and commercial zinc plant electrolytes was measured over a range of temperatures. A model for the solution thermodynamics has been developed to predict the solution speciation, temperature, and concentration effects on the pH. It was found from both the thermodynamic predictions and the pH measurements that the pH of zinc sulfate electrolytes, in the absence of free acid, drops with increasing temperature. The pHtemperature behavior was largely dominated by zinc hydrolysis. The pH of zinc sulfate electrolytes with small amounts of free acid both increased and then decreased in the temperature range of interest. This was explained by taking into account the additional effects of bisulfate/sulfate equilibrium and/or ZnSO 4 ion pairing on the overall pH behavior. Based on the correlation between the model and pH measurements, it is evident that the dinuclear species Zn 2 (OH) 3+ exists at a much higher concentration than Zn(OH) + ions and dominates the pH-temperature behavior of the solution. Speciation and the acid/base composition of a ZnSO 4 solution, against pH at 100 ЊC, were also predicted. The pH-temperature behavior of zinc plant electrolytes from Kidd Creek (Falconbridge Limited, Timmins, Canada) and CEZinc (Noranda Limited, Valleyfield, Canada) was measured by saturating the electrolytes with ZnO at 100 ЊC and then allowing the solutions to cool. The pH first increased slightly and then dropped from a maximum pH of 4.2. By including species involving Al 3+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Na + in the zinc plant electrolytes in the solution model calculation, model predictions of the pH-temperature were again correlated with the pH-temperature measurements on zinc plant electrolytes.

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Effect of Calcium on the Solubility of Zinc Oxide in the Sodium Hydroxide Solution

Chen¹,

Xü²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Materials Processing Fundamentals

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Zinc(II) oxide solubility and phase behavior in aqueous sodium phosphate solutions at elevated temperatures

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Quantum Chemical Studies of Mononuclear Zinc Species of Hydration and Hydrolysis

Quantum Chemical Studies of Mononuclear Zinc Species of Hydration and Hydrolysis

The acid-base behavior of zinc sulfate electrolytes: The temperature effect

Effect of Calcium on the Solubility of Zinc Oxide in the Sodium Hydroxide Solution

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