Zinc Loss in Sweat of Athletes Exercising in Hot and Neutral Temperatures

Tipton, Kevin D.; Green, Nancy R.; Haymes, Emily M.; Waller, M F

doi:10.1123/ijsn.3.3.261

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, there were no significant differences in the loss of any of the examined trace elements between summer and winter. These results agreed with the results of Tipton et al (19) and Mary & Haymes (20) in which there were no differences in the loss of Zn and Fe by sweating during exercise at the same load between neutral (25°C) and hot environments (35°C).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Tipton et al (19) reported that there was no significant differences in the loss of Zn due to exercise between 25°C and at 35°C, because the concentration of Zn in the sweat at the exercise of 70-75% VO 2 max for one hour was lower at 35°C than at 25°C, but the amount of sweat was about two times larger at 35°C than at 25°C. Mary & Haymes (20) also reported no difference in the loss of Fe by sweating during exercise between 25°C at 35°C, because the concentration of Fe in the sweat while exercising at 50% VO 2 max for one hour was lower at 35°C than at 25°C but the quantity of sweat was larger at 35°C than at 25°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variation of Trace Element Loss to Sweat during Exercise in Males

Hoshi

Watanabe

Chiba

et al. 2002

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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Objective: To clarify the seasonal differences of the trace element excretion in sweat, the trace element concentrations in sweat and their loss during exercise were compared between summer and winter.Methods: Sweat samples were collected from ten healthy adult males. Bicycle ergometer exercise was conducted by each subject at a heart rate of 140 beats/min for 1 hour, in summer and in winter. Sweat was collected by the arm bag method.Results: Concentrations of major (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Cr) in sweat tended to be lower in summer than in winter, and significantly lower concentrations of Mg (p<0.01), Na, Cu, and Mn (p<0.05) were found in summer. The sweat volume in summer (0.90 L) was 1.7-fold larger than that in winter (0.52 L) (p<0.01). The amount of loss of each element to sweat calculated from the concentrations in sweat and sweat volume showed no significant difference between summer and winter.Conclusions: It is suggested that there was no significant difference in the amount of loss of trace elements in sweat due to exercise between summer and winter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation of Trace Element Loss to Sweat during Exercise in Males

Hoshi

Watanabe

Chiba

et al. 2002

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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“…24 It was noted that moderate exercise increased zinc loss with perspiration in athletes, but the amount of loss may be more in males, relative to females. 25 This situation may be associated with urinary zinc loss resulting from skeletal muscle protein breakdown observed in athletes who train regularly. Cordova and Alvarez 26 reported that muscle zinc concentration declined as a consequence of a low plasma concentration in athletes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of plasma leptin and zinc levels in elite athletes and sedentary people

Arıkan

Akkuş

Halifeoğlu

et al. 2008

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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In consideration of leptin effects such as reducing food intake and increasing energy consumption, many researchers have sought to examine the relation between leptin and exercise. The presence of reports arguing that zinc, can be a mediator in leptin production indicates a possible relation between zinc and leptin. The present study aims to determine plasma leptin levels in elite weightlifters and examine their relation with zinc. The study enrolled 30 healthy volunteers in the 18-27 age range. The subjects were allocated to groups in equal numbers: Group 1, CONTROL GROUP: the group included subjects who did not exercise regularly. Group 2, Elite Weightlifter Group: the group included elite weight lifters who were selected to the national team in their weight classes, who exercised regularly and whose values were measured during rest in the training period. Levels of plasma leptin and zinc were determined in the blood samples collected from the subjects included in the study. Comparison of serum leptin and zinc values between groups showed that leptin and zinc levels in the control group were significantly higher than those in the weightlifters and that leptin levels decreased significantly in parallel with the low zinc levels. It can be concluded that physical activity brings about changes in leptin secretion, which in turn, can be significantly related with zinc (p < 0.01).

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“…An estimate of 0.5 mg/day for men was obtained from studies of whole body surface zinc losses in men (Jacob et al, 1981;Milne et al, 1983;Johnson et al, 1993). The estimate of 0.3 mg/day for women was calculated by multiplying the value for men by the female to male ratio of sweat zinc losses observed in studies of whole body sweat zinc losses and whole body sweat rates in men and women (Cohn and Emmett, 1978;Avellini et al, 1980;Frye and Kamon, 1983;Tipton et al, 1993;DeRuisseau et al, 2002;Hazelhurst and Claassen, 2006). These studies reported female to male ratios for sweat zinc loss rates between 0.5 and 0.7, while sweat zinc concentrations were similar.…”

Section: Estimation Of Endogenous Zinc Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for zinc

Products¹

2014

EFSA Journal

210

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values for zinc, using a two-stage factorial approach and reference values for body weight. The first stage of estimating physiological requirements used studies that had physiologically plausible data, specifically related to faecal excretion of endogenous zinc. Adult physiological requirements were closely related to body size, and sex differences were not detectable after adjustment for body weight. Average Requirements (ARs) for dietary zinc necessary to meet physiological requirements were estimated using saturation response modelling, taking into account the inhibitory effect of dietary phytate on zinc absorption. Estimated ARs and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) are provided for phytate intake levels of 300, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/day, which cover the range of mean/median intakes observed in European populations. ARs range from 6.2 to 10.2 mg/day for women with a reference weight of 58.5 kg and from 7.5 to 12.7 mg/day for men with a reference weight of 68.1 kg. PRIs were derived from the zinc requirement of individuals with a body weight at the 97.5 th percentile for reference weights for men and women and range from 7.5 to 12.7 mg/day for women and from 9.4 to 16.3 mg/day for men. ARs for infants from seven months of age and for children were estimated factorially, based on extrapolation from estimates of adult losses plus zinc needs for growth, and range from 2.4 to 11.8 mg/day. PRIs for infants and children were derived by assuming a coefficient of variation of 10 %, and range from 2.9 to 14.2 mg/day. For pregnancy and lactation, additional zinc requirements related to fetal and maternal tissues and transfer of zinc into breast milk, respectively, were considered and additional PRIs of 1.6 and 2.9 mg/day, respectively, were estimated. Zinc has a wide array of vital physiological functions. It has a catalytic role in each of the six classes of enzymes. The human transcriptome has 2 500 zinc finger proteins, which have a broad intracellular distribution and the activities of which include binding of RNA molecules and involvement in proteinprotein interactions. Thus, their biological roles include transcriptional and translational control/modulation and signal transduction. © EuropeanThe majority of dietary zinc is absorbed in the upper small intestine. The luminal contents of the duodenum and jejunum, notably phytate, can have a major impact on the percentage of zinc that is available for absorption. Absorption of zinc by the enterocyte is regulated in response to the quantity of bioavailable zinc ingested. Albumin is the major transporter of zinc in both portal and systemic circulation. Virtually no zinc circulates in a free ionised form, and the majority of total body zinc is in muscle and bone; zinc does not have an identified major storage site. The quantity of zinc secreted into and excreted from the intestinal tract depends on body zinc concentrations,...

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Zinc Loss in Sweat of Athletes Exercising in Hot and Neutral Temperatures

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Seasonal Variation of Trace Element Loss to Sweat during Exercise in Males

Seasonal Variation of Trace Element Loss to Sweat during Exercise in Males

Comparison of plasma leptin and zinc levels in elite athletes and sedentary people

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for zinc

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