Zinc Manganate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Application toward Flufenamic Acid Detection

Abstract

The construction of novel electrocatalysts for efficient and economic electrochemical sensors is continuously a significant conceptual barrier for the point-of-care technology. Binary metal oxides with heterostructures have gained plenty of attention due to their promising physicochemical properties. Herein, we develop a rapid and sensitive electrochemical probe for the detection of flufenamic acid (FFA) by using a zinc manganate (ZnMnO)-modified electrode. The formation of ZnMnO was confirmed by various analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mapping. The ZnMnO-based electrocatalyst, which was used for the electrochemical detection of FFA, shows better performance than the previously reported electrode materials. The ZnMnO assay shows a linear quantitative range from 0.05 to 116 μM with a limit of detection of 0.003 μM and sensitivity of 0.385 μA μM −1 cm −2 . Its good electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the large surface area, rapid charge mass transfer, copious active sites, and high carrier mobility. The electrochemical study displays that the fabricated ZnMnO-based sensor has the potential to be applied in the clinical analysis. This work constructs an advanced functional electrode material with a microscale architecture for the point-of-care technology.

Electrochemical Behavior of Three-Dimensional Cobalt Manganate with Flowerlike Structures for Effective Roxarsone Sensing

“…The raw electrode without modification cannot be used for electrochemical detection because it suffers from low sensitivity and poor selectivity for applications in real-time analysis. , The design of new advanced electrocatalysts with improved physicochemical properties is urgently needed but remains a significant challenge. Binary transition-metal oxides (BTMOs) have demonstrated prominent advantages in electrochemical application due to their superior conductivity, relative abundance, large surface area, nontoxicity, multiple oxidation states, unique electronic structure, and superior stability. − As one of the BTMO members, spinel AB 2 O 4 oxides with a tetragonal structure consist of two variable transition metals called tetrahedral (A-site) and octahedral (B-site), which can promote the internal electron transfer rate and the synergy in the structure. , Our group recently reported an electrochemical sensor based on spinel zinc manganate for the detection of flufenamic acid in biological samples . Liu et al described the preparation of spinel cobalt ferrite nanofibers for the amperometric determination of hydrazine with improved electrochemical performance .…”

“…36,37 Our group recently reported an electrochemical sensor based on spinel zinc manganate for the detection of flufenamic acid in biological samples. 38 Liu et al described the preparation of spinel cobalt ferrite nanofibers for the amperometric determination of hydrazine with improved electrochemical performance. 39 Notably, cobalt (Co)-and manganese (Mn)-based spinel bioxides (AB 2 O 4 ) provide high potential, catalyst stability, and increased conductivity and can transport more electrons.…”

Toward the Development of Disposable Electrodes Based on Holmium Orthovanadate/f-Boron Nitride: Impacts and Electrochemical Performances of Emerging Inorganic Contaminants

“…The intensity of the oxidation peak gradually increases on increasing the concentration of Hg 2+ ion, and this relationship between the peak current and the Hg 2+ ion concentration is linearly fitted in Figure b, with the lower addition’s correlation coefficient of R 2 = 0.996 and the higher concentration’s correlation coefficient of R 2 = 0.991. From the DPV curve, in the linear ranges (LRs) of 0.02–295.4 μM, the higher sensitivity of 66.6 μA μM –1 cm –2 with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 5 nM for Hg 2+ ion sensing was obtained using the standard formula, limit of detection (LOD) = S/N = 3. − These analytical characteristics of HoV/ f -BN/SPCE explored using DPV are found to be superior in comparison with other techniques, as shown in Table . ,,− Likewise, among the various studies that have explored the electrochemical detection of Hg 2+ ion, the present work (Table ) shows a lower detection limit and higher sensitivity in a low-cost disposal working electrode (SPCE). The proposed HoV/ f -BN/SPCE has these static characteristics, putting it at the top of the list of sensor selection criteria for real-time Hg 2+ ion sensing.…”

Composition‐Dependent NiS‐Enriched FeNi2S4/ZnCr2O4 Catalyst for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…Recently, ZnB 2 O 4 -based (B=Al, Co, or Cr)-based dicationic spinel oxides exhibited improved electrochemical properties. [57][58] In addition, spinels containing transition metal ions such as ZnCr 2 O 4 , can act as effective catalysts in a variety of heterogeneous chemical processes such as CO oxidation, [59] catalytic hydrocarbon combustion, [60] reduction of various organic compounds, [61] and sensing properties. [62] Mechanical activation, [63] high-temperature solid-state reaction, [64] microemulsion method, [65] solution method, [66] spray pyrolysis, [67] and other techniques were used to produce ZnCr 2 O 4 nanoparticles.…”