Zinc oxide as a solid acid catalyst for esterification reaction

Nagvenkar, Anjani P.; Naik, Sajo P.; Fernandes, Julio B.

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2015.02.009

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Finally, comparison of this work with those previously reported in the literature revealed that the obtained yield of n ‐butyl acetate in this work is higher than that obtained in Refs and comparable to that reported in Refs .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…[1] In addition, the obtained linear fit of the first-order reaction suggests that this reaction follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism. [36] The proposed mechanism can be as follows: Finally, comparison of this work with those previously reported in the literature revealed that the obtained yield of n-butyl acetate in this work is higher than that obtained in Refs [1,16,34,37,38] and comparable to that reported in Refs [36,39,40].…”

Section: Possible Reaction Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This figure presents the population of desorption of PY from the surface of the catalysts with the increase in the reaction temperature. Examination of these results shows that the majority of PY molecules desorb from the surface of both B2 and B3 in the temperature range 150-175 C while that of B1 occurs at 200-225 C. This behavior reflects that the acid sites on the surface of the basaltic samples are weak and of intermediate strength [21,33,34] and that the sites over the surface of B1 catalyst are stronger than those over B2 and B3. It is important to mention here that this difference in strength of the acid sites explains the variation in IPA activity over B1, B2, and B3 catalysts, which also should influence the catalytic activity of these basaltic catalysts.…”

Section: Acidity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and catalytic performance of basaltic dust as an efficient catalyst in the liquid‐phase esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol

Said

Heikal

Goda

2019

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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Three natural basaltic samples were collected and used as efficient catalysts for the liquid‐phase synthesis of n‐butyl acetate. The samples were characterized by X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 sorption. The acidity of the samples was determined using isopropanol dehydration, and the strength of the acid sites was measured using chemisorption of basic probes. The catalytic activity of the samples towards the esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol was extensively examined. The influence of different parameters, such as the reaction refluxing time, molar ratio, catalyst loading, reusability, and calcination temperature, on the esterification reaction was studied in detail. The results revealed that all samples had high catalytic activity with a selectivity of 100% to n‐butyl acetate formation. In addition, the sample obtained from the top hill of Volcano had the highest activity with a 80% yield of n‐butyl acetate. Moreover, the significant catalytic performances were well correlated with the acidity of the samples and to the reaction rate constants.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Possible Reaction Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Acidity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and catalytic performance of basaltic dust as an efficient catalyst in the liquid‐phase esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol

Said

Heikal

Goda

2019

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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“…In 2015 Fernandes et al [8] reported the use of ZnO and composite ZnO/Hβ zeolites in the esterification of acetic acid with 1-butanol (entry 5.1). The highest conversion was obtained with pure ZnO having the largest surface area and the major concentration of Lewis acid sites.…”

Section: Esterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging catalysis in biomass valorisation: simple Zn(II) catalysts for fatty acids esterification and transesterification

Esposito

Melchiorre²,

Annunziata

et al. 2020

ChemCatChem

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The growing concern about global warming and the consumption of fossil fuels has driven in recent decades the use of biomass as a renewable feedstock. In this context, vegetable oils, the corresponding fatty acids (FAs) and esters (FAEs) have primary importance: their esterification and transesterification lead to innovative products, that find application in several sectors, from biofuels to solvents, from surfactants to cosmetic ingredients and plasticizers. Lewis acid catalysis represents the most accredited methodology for developing processes of esterification and transesterification in line with sustainability requirements. The results available so far reveal the prevalent catalytic role of Zn(II) salts and coordination compounds, due to their beneficial eco-toxicological profile, combined with an appropriate acidity, finely tunable through selective functionalization. This review provides a picture of the state of the art in this important sector of biomass valorization. Roberto Esposito received his PhD in Chemical Sciences in 2018 at the University of Naples Federico II under the supervision of prof. F. Ruffo. He is researcher at the Department of Chemical Science of the University of Naples Federico II and his main research topics are W (VI), Zn(II) and Fe(III) based catalysts for conversion of biomasses and chemistry of tetra-coordinated and penta-coordinated complexes of Pt(II). Massimo Melchiorre graduated in Chemical Sciences in 2018. He is Board Member of ISusChem s.r.l., innovative start-up and university spin-off at the Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche of the Università di Napoli Federico II. Company activity consists in biomass conversion and bio-based products development.

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“…However, the reaction time took 6 hours [1,9,10]. Among the catalysts tested for catalytic esterification, SnO and ZnO were the most popular, with oxide loaded on different supporters such as SnO/Al 2 O 3 , ZnO/SiO 2 [11], ZnO/zeolite [12,13], and ZnO/SiO 2 [11,14,15]. In particular, the ZnO was found to be a relatively economical, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Deacidification of Vacuum Gas Oil by ZnO/Al2O3 and Its Modification with Fe2O3

Bai

Lian

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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High acidic vacuum gas oil (VGO) decreases product quality and causes corrosions. To overcome these problems, catalytic esterification was utilized for the deacidification of VGO. A series of Al2O3-supported ZnO catalysts, undoped and doped with Fe2O3, were prepared and characterized. The results showed that both the ZnO/Al2O3 and the ZnO/Al2O3 doped with Fe2O3 had good deacidification effects with glycol for the 4th VGO. The deacidification rate reached 95.1% and 97.6%, respectively, under mild conditions (catalysts 2.5 wt%, glycol dosage 4.0 wt%, 250 °C and 1 h). The naphthenic acids were transferred into ester, which was proved by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).Reusability of the catalyst for the esterification reaction was also studied. It was found that the deacidification rate was still over 90% after six reruns.

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Zinc oxide as a solid acid catalyst for esterification reaction

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Characterization and catalytic performance of basaltic dust as an efficient catalyst in the liquid‐phase esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol

Characterization and catalytic performance of basaltic dust as an efficient catalyst in the liquid‐phase esterification of acetic acid with n‐butanol

Emerging catalysis in biomass valorisation: simple Zn(II) catalysts for fatty acids esterification and transesterification

Catalytic Deacidification of Vacuum Gas Oil by ZnO/Al2O3 and Its Modification with Fe2O3

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