Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce dose-dependent toxicosis in broiler chickens reared in summer season

Abstract

This research evaluates the effect of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles’ (ZnO NPs) supplementation on growth performance, immunity, oxidative antioxidative properties, and histopathological picture of broiler chicken reared in the summer season. A total of 224 1-day-old male Cobb chicks were randomly allocated to seven groups of dietary treatments (n = 32). Seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated. ZnO NPs were added to the basal diet at seven different levels, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm/kg diet, respectively, for 35 days. Results indicated that live body weight (g) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between treatment groups, whereas compared to control, the 5 ppm ZnO NPs/kg diet recorded the highest live body weight at 21 and 35 days. No significant effects for the feed consumption (g/bird/period) and feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain) among treated and control birds were observed. Hematological and immunological variables showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) dose-dependent modulations by ZnO NP supplementation. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were observed in the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and IgM and IgG between the treatment groups, with the 5 and 10 ppm ZnO NPs/kg diet recording the best values, followed by the 20 ppm ZnO NPs/kg diet. Different supplementations had nonsignificant effects on the digestibility of nutrients (P ≤ 0.05). Histopathological pictures of the kidney, liver, and lymphoid organs, ultrastructural examination of muscle tissues, and expression of inflammatory cytokines showed dose-dependent morphological and structural changes. In conclusion, the ZnO NP supplementation in broiler diet to eliminate the heat stress hazards in summer season is recommended in dose level of not more than 10 ppm/kg diet.

Influence of Nano-zinc Oxide and Zinc Sulfate on Some Hematological Values and Liver Function in Broiler Under High Ambient Temperature

“…The results presented in Table (2) showed a significant decline (P<0.05) in red and white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit for the heat stress group in comparison with the control. The treatment of zinc nanoparticles and zinc sulfate alone resulted in a significant raise in the red and white cells, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit compared with the control, with the superiority of the nano-zinc oxide group over the zinc sulfate group in blood parameters.…”

Nano-zinc Oxide and Zinc Sulfate in Broilers: Effect on Thyroid Hormones and Internal Intestinal Environments

“…in an open-type hall and ground-based breeding was provided in which all the environmental conditions suitable for breeding were provided. As shown in table (1), a standard diet was developed to meet the American National Research Council (NRC) [10] recommendations and water was provided ad libitum over the study period (1-35 days), birds were randomly assigned to six groups of (18 birds per group) and each group had three replicates (6 birds / repeat). Chicks were assigned to one of the following treatments: -Group 1 control with basal diet, Group 2 ration provided with nano-zinc oxide at 40 mg/kg [27] , Group 3 ration containing zinc sulfate at 110 mg/kg (28) , Group 4 subjected to high ambient temperature 40±2 up to 4 h /day (8:00-12:00), Group 5 was exposed to high ambient temperature 40± 2 up to 4 h /day (8:00-12:00) and were dietary supplemented with…”

“…In many areas, elevated temperature is regarded to be among the most significant aspects causing stress in birds. As a result of global warming, high temperatures have appeared recently as one of the most substantial stressors influencing the poultry farming [1,2]. When chicks have been subject to elevated temperatures on a regular basis, it has a negative impact on their growth and immune system, and it can result in death, resulting in a significant economic loss in the livestock industry [3][4][5].…”

Nanoparticles in Feed: a Potential Approach for Mitigating Heat Stress on Broilers

“…There has been evidence of ZnO NP toxicity in mammalian cells, such as membrane injury, DNA damage, and cell death [58]. The addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) to broiler diets is recommended at dose levels not exceeding 10 ppm/kg diet in the summer season to prevent heat stress hazards [59]. Besides, supplementing chicken broilers with 1.20 mg kg -1 selenium (Nano-Se), a wider spectrum of the optimal and toxic dietary levels is seen with Nano-Se as compared to sodium selenite [60].…”