Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in the Textile Industry

Abstract

Background:The zinc oxide nanostructures have been using in the textile industry since the early 2000s. However, the efficiency of dye removal, antibacterial and UV protection were enhanced by researchers using different techniques. Objective: This review focuses on the latest research of dye removal, UV protection and antibacterial activity with mechanisms, to discover the most efficient methods to apply ZnO nanostructures effectively for the textile industry. Findings: The photocatalytic activity and photosensitivity of ZnO nanostructures were enhanced by doping materials such as Cu, Fe 2 O 3 , Co, Ce, Al, and Mn. The UV protection of ZnO nanostructures was efficient even with low loading percentages and effectively retained in the textiles. However, the dye removal efficiency was increased with pH due to the high concentration of hydroxyl radicals in the media. Although the UV protection ability of ZnO nanostructures in the textile industry was hindered by photocatalytic activity, scientists had overcome this issue by doping impurities such as SiO 2 , cobalt, and manganese. The antibacterial properties of ZnO nanostructures were changed according to the loaded amount of zinc oxide nanostructures on the textile surface. In most of the research, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as test organisms to study the antibacterial property of ZnO nanostructures. The green synthesis of ZnO nanostructures is more favorable for all applications due to their nontoxicity and eco-friendly nature.

Influence of pH on Room-Temperature Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Flexible Gas Sensor Applications

“…Advancements in ZnO NMs' synthesis methods have prioritized enhancing ecofriendliness, cost-effectiveness, and the quality of the resulting NMs [43,56]. Consequently, these developments have explored strategies for synthesizing ZnO NPs at RT [57,58].…”

Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Coatings Based on Cu-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles into Microcellulose Matrix

“…The dispersion of MONPs on different cellulose nanostructures, which is among the most versatile and sustainable natural resources, has led to new strategies and perspectives for its use in new emerging areas [ 8 ]. Based on an association of beneficial functional properties coupled with low cost and toxicity, ZnO nanostructures were incorporated into many biocompatible products, such as cosmetics, sunscreens as UV-blockers, photo-catalysis, medicines, hospital fabrics and more [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. ZnO quantum dots (below 10 nm) demonstrated powerful properties against a wide range of bacterial organisms [ 17 ] and have promoted biomedical research for the treatment of cancer [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 18 ].…”

“…Based on an association of beneficial functional properties coupled with low cost and toxicity, ZnO nanostructures were incorporated into many biocompatible products, such as cosmetics, sunscreens as UV-blockers, photo-catalysis, medicines, hospital fabrics and more [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. ZnO quantum dots (below 10 nm) demonstrated powerful properties against a wide range of bacterial organisms [ 17 ] and have promoted biomedical research for the treatment of cancer [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 18 ]. Recently, cellulose-based fabrics covered with ZnO nanoparticles having different morphologies (0D, 1D-rods and 3D-stars) showed selective antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity.…”

“…Chemical solution-based routes such as controlled precipitation, sol-gel and solvo/hydrothermal methods are among the most widely used for these materials [ 1 , 11 , 12 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Modified textile materials with colloidal solutions containing inorganic MONPs, for domestic and industrial use, with environmentally friendly functionalities, such as self-cleaning, antibacterial, and photocatalytic properties, have developed rapidly in recent years [ 3 , 16 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. This is a successful sol-gel approach, which uses the so-called “nanosols” as innovative coating agents for the functionalization and treatment of textile materials, that can be deposed by various methods such as padding, dipping, or spraying [ 38 ].…”