Zinc Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS₄): A New Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy in Choroidal Neovascularization

Abstract

ZnPcS(4) selectively localizes to the choriocapillaris and CNV in rats, resulting in the occlusion of laser-induced CNV with minimal damage to the retina tissues. ZnPcS(4) -PDT is a potential new strategy for the treatment of macular degeneration and other human diseases manifesting as CNV.

A review and outlook in the treatment of osteosarcoma and other deep tumors with photodynamic therapy: from basic to deep

“…One is their poor solubility [19]. The phthalocyanines (Pcs) are a family of PSs, which have a light absorption peak at 680 nm [20].…”

“…However, hydrophobicity causes the angiemphraxis and organ deposit of Pcs, which dramatically limits the application of Pcs in vitro and vivo . To overcome this, hydrophilic modifications of Pcs have been undertaken, such as sulfonation, and nanocrystallization [19, 21]. …”

Alternative approach to laser methods of treating vascular pathologies of the eye

“…37 Thus, phthalocyanines and bacteriochlorins (λ 675-753 nm) are usually more effective than chlorins (λ 630-738 nm), while chlorins are more effective than porphyrins (λ 574-689 nm) (Table 1). 28,[38][39][40][41][42] However, the PS still needs to be highly selective to CNV in order to reduce the probability of damage to the neuroretina.…”

Assessing Amphiphilic ABAB Zn(II) Phthalocyanines with Enhanced Photosensitization Abilities in In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy Studies Against Cancer

“…Hydrophilic groups can be introduced to reach water solubility [5], whereas aggregation can be reduced or avoided by the introduction of bulky substituents in the Pc [6]. Among the different metallic Pcs used for PDT, Zn(II)Pcs stand out as one of the most promising, as they present high efficiencies in the generation of 1 O2 [7][8][9][10]. Recently, our research group has described new paradigmatic ABAB Zn(II)Pcs (with A and B coding for differently functionalized isoindole constituents) that show both hindered aggregation and notably high 1 O2 quantum yield (ΦΔ) values, featuring also chemical flexibility to incorporate additional functionalization that affords, for instance, water solubility [6].…”