Zinc Programs and the Antimicrobial Dilemma: Continued Inappropriate Treatment of Uncomplicated Pediatric Diarrhea in Benin, Ghana, and Uganda

Banke, Kathryn; MacDonald, Vicki; Sanders, Emily; El-Khoury, Marianne

doi:10.9734/ejnfs/2015/20980

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Data was gathered from child caretakers using a questionnaire administered via interview. It was adapted by a review of different literatures 10 , 17 and the tool consists of socio-demographic and economic variables; caregivers’ or mothers’ awareness of and practice-related variables; health-seeking behavior; access and quality-related variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Under-Five Caregivers’ Utilization of Co-Packaged Zinc and Oral Rehydration Salts for Childhood Diarrhea in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

Terefa¹,

Shama²

2023

PPA

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Introduction Diarrhea morbidity and mortality remain child health and economic burdens in low resource settings. In Ethiopia, diarrheal disease treatment service utilization remains very low. However, evidence on the level of utilization of zinc bundled with ORS among under-five caregivers’ was not addressed. Objective The study aimed to identify predictors of under-five caregivers’ utilization of co-packaged zinc and oral rehydration salts for childhood diarrhea in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods The study design used was a community-based cross-sectional study that was conducted among 540 randomly selected participants from April 1 to 30, 2022. Data were collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. It was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. An adjusted odds ratio along with a 95% confidence level was estimated, and a P value <0.05 was considered to declare the statistical significance in the multivariable analysis. Results About 39.6% of under-five caregivers’ had utilized co-packaged zinc and oral rehydration salts for their childhood diarrhea at least once in the last 12 months. Having family size less than 5 [AOR and 95% CI = 5.72 (2.93,11.15)]; heard about the co-pack [AOR and 95% CI = 9.52 (4.95,23.68)]; perceived health status for the recent episode as poor [AOR and 95% CI = 5.90 (2.58, 15.96)] and medium [AOR and 95% CI = 2.20 (1.02, 4.83)]; perceived severity for recent episodes [AOR and 95% CI = 4.48 (1.36, 14.76)] and being community-based health insurance non-member [AOR and 95% CI = 2.28 (1.34, 6.90)] were statistically associated with co-packaged zinc and ORS utilization. Conclusion The study found that co-packaged zinc and oral rehydration salt utilization was low. Family size, heard about the co-pack, perceived health status, perceived severity, and CBHI membership were predictors of co-packaged utilization of zinc and ORS. Hence, concerned bodies in the health system should have devoted to maximize its uptake.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Under-Five Caregivers’ Utilization of Co-Packaged Zinc and Oral Rehydration Salts for Childhood Diarrhea in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

Terefa¹,

Shama²

2023

PPA

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“…Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with mothers or child caregivers using a semistructured, interviewer-administered, pretested questionnaire. It was adapted from a review of different literature9 15 and modified to fit the local context. The tool was first prepared in English, translated to Afan Oromo, and then back translated to English by Afan Oromo and English language bachelor’s degree holders to check for consistency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 This recommended regimen of zinc bundled with ORS, along with continued feeding, is a safe, effective and inexpensive treatment for children, and 50% of diarrhoea deaths can be prevented. 9 In addition, Ethiopia's health policy stated that the Federal Ministry of Health included zinc as an essential drug that should be available at local health facilities and prescribed free of charge at the health post level in order to be easily accessible and given to the community since 2013. 10 Despite these important benefits, access to ORS and zinc remains a challenge in low-resource settings, and the rate of bundling of both products was extremely low.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different countries have incorporated zinc and oral rehydration salt (ORS) as an effective treatment combination in their policies since July 2019, when WHO added ORS-bundled zinc to its core Model List of Essential Medicines for Children and encouraged countries to prioritise the bundle in their expenditures, procurement and supply, and training of healthcare providers 8. This recommended regimen of zinc bundled with ORS, along with continued feeding, is a safe, effective and inexpensive treatment for children, and 50% of diarrhoea deaths can be prevented 9. In addition, Ethiopia’s health policy stated that the Federal Ministry of Health included zinc as an essential drug that should be available at local health facilities and prescribed free of charge at the health post level in order to be easily accessible and given to the community since 2013 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic and institutional determinants of zinc bundled with oral rehydration salt utilisation among under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases in East Wallaga zone, western Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Terefa,

Shama,

Kenea

2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the sociodemographic and institutional determinants of zinc bundled with oral rehydration salt (ORS) utilisation among under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases in East Wallaga zone, western Ethiopia, in 2022.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 randomly selected participants from 1 to 30 April 2022. Data were entered into EpiData V.3.1, then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) V.25 for analysis. An adjusted OR (AOR) along with a 95% confidence level was estimated to assess the strength of the association, and a p value <0.05 was considered to declare the statistical significance.ResultsAbout 39.6% of the participants had used zinc bundled with ORS for their children with diarrhoea at least once in the last 12 months. Being aged 40–49 years for mothers or caregivers (AOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.41, 8.53); merchant (AOR 4.11, 95% CI 1.73, 8.12); mothers or caregivers able to read and write (AOR 5.77, 95% CI 1.22, 11.67); visited secondary level (AOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.30, 6.10) and tertiary level health facilities (AOR 0.016, 95% CI 0.03, 0.97); degree and above (AOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.03, 0.12) and doctorate (AOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04, 0.44) holder healthcare professionals were statistically associated with utilisation of zinc bundled with ORS.ConclusionThe study found that about two in five of the participants had used zinc bundled with ORS for their under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases. Age, occupation, educational status, level of health facilities visited and level of health professionals provided care were determinants of zinc bundled with ORS utilisation. So, health professionals at different levels of the health system have to enhance the maximisation of its bundled uptake.

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Zinc Programs and the Antimicrobial Dilemma: Continued Inappropriate Treatment of Uncomplicated Pediatric Diarrhea in Benin, Ghana, and Uganda

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Predictors of Under-Five Caregivers’ Utilization of Co-Packaged Zinc and Oral Rehydration Salts for Childhood Diarrhea in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

Predictors of Under-Five Caregivers’ Utilization of Co-Packaged Zinc and Oral Rehydration Salts for Childhood Diarrhea in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

Sociodemographic and institutional determinants of zinc bundled with oral rehydration salt utilisation among under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases in East Wallaga zone, western Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

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