Zinc Regarding the Utilization
of Waste Tires by Pyrolysis

Ilnicka, Anna; Okoński, Jarosław; Cyganiuk, Aleksandra; Patyk, J.; Łukaszewicz, Jerzy P.

doi:10.15244/pjoes/62095

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…ese crystalline compounds were found to be ZnO (zincite) and β-ZnS (wurtzite). Similar results were reported by Ilnicka et al [80]; López et al [81]; Undri et al [82]. ZnO (zincite) is the major component of the scrap tire.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)supporting

confidence: 87%

Synthesis Optimization of Activated Carbon Driven from Scrap Tire for Adsorbent Yield and Methylene Blue Removal under Response Surface Methodology

Kassahun

Tibebu

Tadesse³

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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This study aimed to investigate the synthesis optimization of activated carbon-driven scrap tires for adsorbent yield and methylene blue removal under response surface methodology. The scrap tire sample was activated by KOH using ethanol as a solvent. The optimized activated carbon was characterized using proximate analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method. The activated carbon was demineralized using 5 M NaOH + 98% H2SO4 (1 : 1) as a solvent to enhance the surface area. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were used to check the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics was checked using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model was used to study the diffusion mechanism. The optimum impregnation ratio, impregnation time, and carbonization temperature for synthesizing the activated carbon were 2 g/g, 12 hr, and 700°C, respectively. The moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, and bulk density of the activated carbon were 6.13%, 9.42%, 5.34%, 79.11%, and 0.89 mg/L, respectively. The surface area of optimized activated carbon was enhanced by demineralization process and increased from 53 m2/g to 260.26 m2/g. Temkin adsorption isotherm with R2 values of 0.982 and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics with R2 values of 0.999 best fits the experimental data respectively. Intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step for both optimized and demineralized (NaOH + H2SO4) activated carbon. It can be concluded that the optimized and demineralized activated carbon derived from scrap tires has a promising potential to be used as a low-cost adsorbent in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, further investigation needs to be conducted before scaling up at industrial level.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)supporting

confidence: 87%

Synthesis Optimization of Activated Carbon Driven from Scrap Tire for Adsorbent Yield and Methylene Blue Removal under Response Surface Methodology

Kassahun

Tibebu

Tadesse³

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…To date, very few studies have accounted for the transformation behavior of Zn during waste tyre pyrolysis. Zn presents in the tyre as zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc stearate (C 36 H 70 O 4 Zn) as a plasticizer to lubricate the vulcanisation 214 and ZnS or charbound S. A temperature above 700 °C leads to the release of Zn from ZnO, 215 while ZnS transforms into Zn(v) and S at the same temperature. 216 The transformation behaviors of ZnO and ZnS are shown in Figure 28, as summarised in the literature.…”

Section: Transformation Of Chlorine (Cl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZnS is considered as the primary constraint toward the further application of char. However, at temperatures greater than 1000 °C, intense vaporisation can take place as the metal starts to melt at 907 °C . Therefore, a temperature above 907 °C can be implemented to activate the solid product of waste tyre pyrolysis to explore its use with minimised sulfur effect.…”

Section: Transformation Of Impurities During Waste Tyre Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CaSO 4 is the most affluent crystalline phase formed by S and CaCO 3 , a nonblack filler that provides a high rubber reinforcement rate. , Silica, resulting from silicate fillers, consists of amorphous silicon, a significant portion of the ash. Iron (Fe) is used for the tyre structural reinforcement and is present in the form of steel.…”

Section: Transformation Of Impurities During Waste Tyre Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorisation of Waste Tyre via Pyrolysis: Advances and Perspectives

Rahman

2022

Energy Fuels

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This paper first reviews the serious environmental concerns and waste management due to the rapid increase in the vast quantity of waste tyre globally. It then articulates the importance of pyrolysis as an attractive technical route for valorising waste tyre. A systematic summarisation on pyrolysis reaction chemistry is presented, including those for both waste tyre and its individual components. The key factors, including feedstock properties, reactor configurations, and reaction conditions that influence the properties and distribution of pyrolysis products and transformation and fate of impurities, are discussed. Such knowledge is essential to selecting operating parameters for optimal pyrolysis products and process performance. Potential applications of waste tyre pyrolysis products (i.e., char, oil, and gas) are subsequently surveyed and summarised. The important roles of key impurities (especially sulfur) and their derivatives, which are major constraints for commercialisation of waste tyre pyrolysis technologies, are also discussed. Remediation strategies of these impurities in pyrolysis products are summarised, compared, and benchmarked. The recent progress in process development, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis of waste tyre pyrolysis processes is also covered. In closing, the remaining challenges and research gaps in the field of waste tyre pyrolysis are identified and future research perspectives are outlined.

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“…Generally, the total yield of gas products is 30%-53% by weight of the waste tire, 28%-42% of oil, and 14%-28% of char [15]. The postpyrolytic char contains incombustible compounds of zinc [16] and silica [17] in a noticeable amount besides carbon.…”

Section: Mass Drop Of a Sample In The Process Of Pyrolysis And Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

End of Life Tires as a Possible Source of Toxic Substances Emission in the Process of Combustion

et al. 2019

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Several million tons of end of life tires (ELTs) are piled annually as a result of human activities. Various methods have been proposed for the extraction and recycling of the resource potential of ELTs. The chemical composition of ELTs seems to enable their usage as a fuel after mechanical separation of a steel cord. Indeed, in the rubber of ELTs, up to 90 mass% accounts for carbon and hydrogen. Currently, it is by incineration that a significant proportion of ELTs is utilized. However, ELTs contain not only sulfur, which is used for vulcanization, but also nitrogen-containing additives. The behavior of these heteroatoms during oxidation is poorly investigated. It has been shown that the pyrolysis liquid fuel obtained from ELTs contains such sulfur compounds as mercaptans and nitrogen in the form of hydrocyanic acid and cyanogen. Deep oxidation of ELTs results in the oxidation of sulfur compounds to dioxide, but the oxidation products have been found to contain traces of cyanogen. Taking this into account, one should pay attention to the ways of transforming heteroatoms during the process of ELT oxidation and the products of ELT pyrolysis as potential sources of highly toxic gas emissions.

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Zinc Regarding the Utilization of Waste Tires by Pyrolysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Synthesis Optimization of Activated Carbon Driven from Scrap Tire for Adsorbent Yield and Methylene Blue Removal under Response Surface Methodology

Synthesis Optimization of Activated Carbon Driven from Scrap Tire for Adsorbent Yield and Methylene Blue Removal under Response Surface Methodology

Valorisation of Waste Tyre via Pyrolysis: Advances and Perspectives

End of Life Tires as a Possible Source of Toxic Substances Emission in the Process of Combustion

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