Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced inflammation prevents its broad application as an antitumor agent. We here report that addition of ZnSO 4 to the drinking water of mice induces expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in several organs, notably the gastrointestinal track. Zinc conferred doseresponsive protection against TNF-induced hypothermia, systemic induction of interleukin-6 and NO x , as well as against TNF-induced bowel cell death and death of the organism. The protective effect of zinc was completely absent in mice deficient in the major HSP70-inducible gene, hsp70.1, whereas transgenic mice constitutively expressing the human HSP70.A gene, under control of a B-actin promoter, was also protected against TNF, indicating that an increase in HSP70 is necessary and sufficient to confer protection. The therapeutic potential of the protection induced by ZnSO 4 was clearly shown in a TNF/IFN;-based antitumor therapy using three different tumor models. In hsp70.1 wild-type mice, but not in hsp70.1-deficient mice, zinc very significantly protected against lethality but left the antitumor effect intact. We conclude that zinc protects against TNF in a HSP70-dependent way and that protection by zinc could be helpful in developing a safer anticancer therapy with TNF/IFN;. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7301-7]