Zinc Supplementation Reduces the Incidence of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Infants and Preschool Children: A Double-blind,  Controlled Trial

Sazawal, Sunil; Black, Robert E.; Jalla, Sanju; Mazumdar, Sarmila; Sinha, Anju; Bhan, Maharaj Kishan

doi:10.1542/peds.102.1.1

Cited by 303 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Micronutrient deficiency during infancy and childhood, especially deficiency of vitamin A and zinc, leads to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, and contributes to 41 million child deaths a year (Beaton et al, 1992;Sazawal et al, 1998;Black et al, 2008). Maternal nutritional status can be an important factor determining the micronutrient status of a breastfed infant (Dijkhuizen et al, 2001Baylin et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal micronutrient supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affects morbidity and immune function of infants during the first 6 months of life

Wieringa

Dijkhuizen

Muhilal³

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, and a major cause of infant death. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy might improve micronutrient status of the newborn, thereby reducing morbidity and death. Moreover, maternal supplementation might affect the newborn's immune development. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of maternal zinc and b-carotene supplementation on the infant's morbidity and immune function during the first 6 months of life. Subjects/Methods: Mothers were supplemented during pregnancy with b-carotene and/or zinc, in addition to iron and folic acid, in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Newborn infants (n ¼ 136) were followed up for 6 months. Results: Infants born from mothers receiving zinc during pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoea than infants born from mothers not receiving zinc (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), but more episodes of cough (1.3 and 0.9 respectively) during the first 6 months. Maternal b-carotene supplementation had no effect on infants' morbidity. Cytokine production in the newborns was affected by maternal zinc and b-carotene supplementation, with zinc supplementation giving higher interleukin-6 production (16% higher), and b-carotene supplementation leading to lower interferon-g production (36% lower). Conclusions: This study shows that maternal supplementation with zinc and b-carotene affected the newborn's immune development in specific ways, but only maternal zinc supplementation significantly affected morbidity in the infants. Addition of zinc to routine iron and folic acid supplements for pregnant women could be an effective way to reduce diarrhoeal disease during the first 6 months of life, albeit at the expense of more episodes of cough.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal micronutrient supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affects morbidity and immune function of infants during the first 6 months of life

Wieringa

Dijkhuizen

Muhilal³

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…A three month trial with Zinc-fortified bread reduced diarrhoea, illness and skin infection by 56% (p<0.05%)among Turkish school children 23 . Sazawal et al in India demonstrated reduction of 45% of incidence of ALRI in Zinc supplemented group 13 . This study supports these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Zinc Supplementation Reduces Recurrent Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI)

Akhtar¹,

Chowdhury

Sultana

2014

J. Armed Forces Med. Coll.

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Introduction: Pneumonia is a frequent and serious human illness. In Bangladesh, Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) is a major cause of death among young children. Childhood mortality can be reduced by 50% with detection and early treatment of illness with antibiotics and immunization. Zinc plays an important role in the optimal function of the immune system by reducing the risk, severity and duration of infectious diseases. Zinc supplementation improves health and cell mediated immunity. Objectives: This study is aimed at documenting effect of zinc supplementation in preschool children on reducing ALRI. Methods: This was a double blind random control trial interventional study among180 child, conducted at Comilla CMH, from January 2010 to December 2011. The children aged 6-60 months were selected randomly for comparison of effect of Zinc and Vitamin B-Complex on ALRI. Results: In the study population, male to female ratio was 1.05:1. Baseline average age was 32 months and weight for height was 92% Of NCHS mean. It was found that 89% children completed immunization as per EPI schedule, the rest 11% were partially immunized. Twenty nine percent children had family history of Atopy. This study showed 15 episodes of ALRI in Zinc group in the control B-Complex group (1.09episodes/child/year) during the six months follow-up. There was no association of ALRI with sex. The male female ratio in this respect was 1.07:1. In this study there was statistically significant and clinically important (67%) reduction of episodes of ALRI in oral Zinc supplement group. Conclusion: This finding strongly suggests that oral supplement of Zinc reduces episodes of ALRI in children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18736 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 84-89

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“…This may be necessary in order to improve their immunocompetence, and prevent or reduce the incidence of various childhood infectious diseases such as diarrhea and respiratory tract infections, as reported in various studies. [39][40][41] This is also applicable to children above 1 year of age, as many of them had low serum zinc levels and suffered from various grades of stunting and/or wasting. Zinc deficiency might not be the limiting factor in this group of studied children, as a large percentage of them had low dietary intake, however, zinc supplementation of such children might improve their appetite, dietary intake and absorptions, as previously reported, 42 in addition to improving their immunocompetence, thus leading to improved nutritional status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Zinc in Infants and Preschool Children in the Jeddah Area: Effect of Diet and Diarrhea in Relation to Growth

Bahijri

2001

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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Zinc Supplementation Reduces the Incidence of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Infants and Preschool Children: A Double-blind, Controlled Trial

Abstract: A dietary zinc supplement resulted in a significant reduction in respiratory morbidity in preschool children. These findings suggest that interventions to improve zinc intake will improve the health and survival of children in developing countries.

Cited by 303 publications

References 25 publications

Maternal micronutrient supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affects morbidity and immune function of infants during the first 6 months of life

Maternal micronutrient supplementation with zinc and β-carotene affects morbidity and immune function of infants during the first 6 months of life

Zinc Supplementation Reduces Recurrent Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI)

Serum Zinc in Infants and Preschool Children in the Jeddah Area: Effect of Diet and Diarrhea in Relation to Growth

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