Zircon concentrate analysis for sixteen rare earth elements by the complex of nuclear analytical methods

Silachyov, I.

doi:10.1007/s10967-023-08844-1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Therefore, the horizontal channel of the WWR-K research reactor (INP, Almaty) equipped with PTS was selected. Φ th value in this channel is approximately one twentieths comparing with that (≈ 9 × 10 13 cm -2 s -1 ) in the vertical channel used to irradiate the samples [24,25]. Since the PTS terminal is isolated from the reactor active zone cooled by water, there wasn't need to seal the samples in polyethylene before irradiation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Every batch included a dozen samples and a neutron flux monitor (≈10 mg of ZrO 2 , the Institute of Reference Materials, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation). No samples of certified reference material (CRM) were involved since the comparator model of concentration standardization based on the internal standard method was conceived [6,21,24]. All the packages were independently irradiated for 2.5 h.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold content determination in small core-samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Silachyov,

V.A. Glagolev,

M.N. Kokkuzova

2024

IJBCh

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Application of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) based on the relative method of concentration standardization was considered to determine Au content in small solid core-samples of the gold-bearing ores and rocks up to 10 g of the mass. The small core-samples about 10 mm in diameter and 22-23 mm in length were cut from the previously collected ore lumps or in-situ using a handheld drilling rig. The studied small core-samples and the polyethylene capsules of the same dimensions filled up with the corresponding certified reference material (CRM) were irradiated for 2 min by a lower density neutron flux with the help of the automated pneumatic transport system (PTS). Maximum mass and dimensions of the core-samples corresponded to the PTS design and to the conditions of its safe operation. A special device was made to fix the transport capsules in the stable counting geometry making possible to eliminate the influence of the neutron flux gradient during irradiation. Due to the substantial differences in CRM and solid sample densities, corrections for neutron self-shielding and for gamma-ray self-absorption by the core-samples were applied. The method was tried to analyze Au content in 170 small core-samples presenting different gold-bearing ores and country rocks from the Kazakhstan’s gold-barite-polymetallic deposit Maikain. This approach, rather simple methodically and requiring no unique equipment, can be used to assess gold resources together with the methods of geostatistics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold content determination in small core-samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Silachyov,

V.A. Glagolev,

M.N. Kokkuzova

2024

IJBCh

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“…Neutron activation analysis has been successfully used for the analysis of rocks and coals [35,36] and provides good results for La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, and Sc in REE-enriched soil, plant and fertilizer samples [37,38]. Additional REE data have been obtained in soil analyses [39], as well as studies on bentonite [40], quartz [41], and even zircon [42], but also in moss samples as well [43]. The samples are irradiated with thermal neutrons, and the gamma emission spectrum is recorded at defined time intervals.…”

Section: Analyticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Main nuclear parameters and interferences of the radionuclides used to determine REE by neutron activation (from[42]). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements (REE): Origins, Dispersion, and Environmental Implications—A Comprehensive Review

Sager,

Wiche

2024

Environments

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The rare earth elements (REE) comprise a group of 16 chemically very similar elements that occur widespread in rocks, soils, and water bodies, share similar ionic radii to the essential element Ca2+, and consequently also occur in biota. Given that REE form mainly trivalent cations, they also share similarities to Al3+. Compared to their chemical cognate Ca, they have a higher reactivity. Thus, their accumulation in soils may constitute a severe environmental threat. Over the last decades, the increasing use of REE in modern technology and fertilizers raised concerns about the pollution of soils and water bodies, which led to a rapidly increasing number of publications dealing with REE toxicity to plants, animals and humans, the fate of REE in soil–plant systems, REE cycling in ecosystems and impacts of REE pollution on food security. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge on the occurrence of REE in the total environment, including relevant environmental processes governing their mobility, chemical speciation and transfer from abiotic compartments into biota. Beginning with an overview of analytical approaches, we summarize the current knowledge on the ecology of REE in the lithosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, including impacts of soil pollution on food security and public health.

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“…Depending upon the background intensity and half-life, different elements were determined by two different techniques, namely INAA and ED-XRF. More details on the methodology followed are provided by Silachyov [50]. Ravisankar et al [51] used INAA to measure REE in beach rock samples using a single comparator method.…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Both Wd-xrf and Ed-xrf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Analytical Techniques and Applications in Exploration, Mining, Extraction, and Metallurgical Studies of Rare Earth Elements

Balaram

2023

Minerals

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The use of analytical techniques is important and critical in all areas related to REE, such as basic fundamental research, exploration, mining, extraction, and metallurgical activities at different stages by different industries. At every stage of these activities, rock, ore, minerals, and other related materials have to be analyzed for their REE contents in terms of elemental, isotopic, and mineralogical concentrations using different analytical techniques. Spectacular developments have taken place in the area of analytical instrumentation during the last four decades, with some of them having shrunk in size and become handheld. Among laboratory-based techniques, F-AAS, GF-AAS, ICP-OES, and MP-AES have become very popular. Because of high sensitivity, fewer interference effects, and ease of use, ICP-MS techniques, such as quadrupole ICP-MS, ICP-MS/MS, ICP-TOF-MS, MH-ICP-MS, HR-ICP-MS, and MC-ICP-MS, with both solution nebulization as well as direct solid analysis using laser ablation sample introduction methods, have become more popular for REE analysis. For direct analysis of solids, INAA, XRF, and LIBS techniques, as well as LA-based ICP-MS techniques, are being extensively utilized. The LIBS technique in particular requires little to no sample preparation. TIMS, SIMS, and SHRIMP techniques are being used for isotopic as well as dating REE depots. Portable analytical techniques, such as pXRF, pLIBS, and Raman spectrometers are able to perform in situ analysis even in the field, helping to make fast decisions during exploration studies. At present, hyperspectral remote sensing techniques including handheld, drone, and satellite-based techniques have become very popular in REE exploration studies because of their ability to cover larger areas in a limited time and, thus, became very cost-effective. Deployment of microanalytical devices/sensors mounted in remotely operated vehicles (ROV) is being successfully utilized in detecting REE-rich deposits in the deep oceans. Providing updated in-depth information on all these important aspects with suitable examples, especially from the point of view of REE research studies is the focal point of this review article.

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Zircon concentrate analysis for sixteen rare earth elements by the complex of nuclear analytical methods

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Gold content determination in small core-samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Gold content determination in small core-samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Rare Earth Elements (REE): Origins, Dispersion, and Environmental Implications—A Comprehensive Review

Advances in Analytical Techniques and Applications in Exploration, Mining, Extraction, and Metallurgical Studies of Rare Earth Elements

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