Zircon fission-track ages from the Gasherbrum Diorite, Karakoram Range, northern Pakistan

Cerveny, Philip F.; Naeser, Charles W.; Kelemen, P. B.; Lieberman, Joshua E.; Zeitler, Peter K.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<1044:zftaft>2.3.co;2

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…In the regions bordering western Tibet (Figure 1), existing low-temperature thermochronological data are available from the Ladakh batholith, NW India [Choubey, 1987;Clift et al, 2002;Kirstein et al, 2006Kirstein et al, , 2009Kumar et al, 2007;Schulp et al, 2003;Sinclair and Jaffey, 2001;Sorkhabi et al, 1994], and from the K2 gneiss and Gasherbrum Diorite in the central Karakoram, NE Pakistan [Cerveny et al, 1989;Foster et al, 1994].…”

Section: Geology and Low-temperature Cooling History Of Ladakh And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the north, the central Karakoram terrane in Pakistan consists of the Paleozoic-Mesozoic Karakoram Metamorphic Complex intruded by the Karakoram batholith ( Figure 1) [Fraser et al, 2001;Searle, 1991;Searle et al, 2010]. These include the amphibolite grade K2 gneiss and the Cretaceous Gasherbrum Diorite (Figure 1) [Cerveny et al, 1989;Foster et al, 1994;Searle et al, 1990]. Zircons from samples collected at elevations of 4880 m to 7165 m on Gasherbrum IV have fission track cooling ages of 125.0-31.4 Ma, the younger ages resulting from resetting by hydrothermal fluids [Cerveny et al, 1989].…”

Section: Geology and Low-temperature Cooling History Of Ladakh And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet its exhumation history and morphological evolution remain comparatively enigmatic. The exposed rock types consist of medium-to high-grade metamorphic units and granitoids closely comparable to those exposed in the central Karakoram [Phillips et al, 2013;Wallis et al, 2014b] which has undergone recent and rapid exhumation [Cerveny et al, 1989;Foster et al, 1994] sufficient to expose sillimanite orthogneiss metamorphosed under conditions of 689 ± 48°C and 570 ± 190 MPa at only 5.4 ± 0.…”

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confidence: 94%

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Spatial variation in exhumation rates across Ladakh and the Karakoram: New apatite fission track data from the Eastern Karakoram, NW India

et al. 2016

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Characterization of low-temperature cooling histories and associated exhumation rates is critical for deciphering the recent evolution of orogenic regions. However, these may vary significantly over relatively short distances within orogens. It is pertinent therefore to constrain cooling histories and hence exhumation rates across major tectonic boundaries. We report the first apatite fission track ages from the Karakoram Fault Zone in the Eastern Karakoram range, which forms part of the western margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Ten samples, from elevations of 3477-4875 m, have apatite fission track dates from 3.3 ± 0.3 Ma to 7.4 ± 1.1 Ma. The ages correspond to modeled average erosional exhumation rates of 0.67 + 0.27/À0.18 mm/yr across the Eastern Karakoram. The results are consistent with a trend northward from the Indus suture zone, across the Ladakh terrane and into the Karakoram, in which tectonic uplift associated with crustal thickening increases toward the north, raising elevation and promoting glaciation and generation of extreme relief. As a result, erosion and exhumation rates increase south to north. Present-day precipitation on the other hand varies little within the study area and on a larger scale decreases southwest to northeast across this portion of the orogen. The Eastern Karakoram results highlight the diverse patterns of exhumation driven by regional variations in tectonic response to collision along the western margin of Tibet.

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Section: Geology and Low-temperature Cooling History Of Ladakh And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geology and Low-temperature Cooling History Of Ladakh And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Spatial variation in exhumation rates across Ladakh and the Karakoram: New apatite fission track data from the Eastern Karakoram, NW India

et al. 2016

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“…No ZFT data are available for the southeastern Karakorum domes, but zircon (U-Th)/He ages (closure temperature: ∼2007C) are !3 Ma (Mahéo 2002). Foster et al (1994) reported AFT ages from the K2 peak between 2 and 4 Ma; these authors also reported a single ZFT age of 31.5 5 5.6 Ma from an elevation of 6600 m. Cerveny et al (1989) reported older ZFT ages of 31-125 Ma from the nearby Gasherbrum range, at elevations between 4900 and 7150 m. Ar-Ar ages of mica and feldspar from the Baltoro granite, between the K2 and the metamorphic domes, are 4-7 Ma (Schärer et al 1990). These combined data suggest that ZFT ages from the southeastern Karakorum should be ∼5 Ma but could be significantly older (130 Ma) for zircons derived from farther north and/or higher elevations.…”

Section: Miocene Versus Modern Indus Drainage Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Drainage Pattern and Variable Exhumation in the Western Himalaya since the Middle Miocene

Chirouze

Huyghe

Chauvel

et al. 2015

The Journal of Geology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Geology. A B S T R A C TSedimentary records in peripheral basins of mountain belts record changes in erosion dynamics and drainage-network reorganization, but it is often difficult to discriminate between these different controls. Geochemical provenance data on paleo-Indus deposits from the western Himalayan foreland provide constraints on the possible variation of the position of the drainage divide between the Indus and Ganges river systems. Here we present geochemical (trace element and Hf-Nd isotopic) and thermochronological (detrital zircon fission-track [DZFT]) analyses of modern Indus and Miocene Siwalik sediments from northern Pakistan and compare these with published data on the Indus Fan. Available bedrock isotopic data are used to define three end-member sediment sources (Himalaya, Karakorum, and the Kohistan-Ladakh arc) and to calculate the contribution of each of these sources to the foreland basin and Indus Fan. Our results indicate that since the Miocene the contribution of the Himalayan rivers reaching the Indus in the foreland remained constant, whereas the contributions of sediment sources of the upper Indus catchment changed: those of the Kohistan-Ladakh arc diminished strongly in favor of Karakorum and Himalayan sources. Analysis of the DZFT data from the Miocene foreland basin and sediments of the modern upper Indus reach suggests that the exhumation pattern changed due to an increase in exhumation rate of the Karakorum and Himalayan units of the syntaxis since Miocene times, whereas that in the Kohistan-Ladakh arc remained relatively stable. These results imply that the Indus sediments record changing relative erosion rates in the different source regions rather than widespread drainage rearrangement, as suggested previously.

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“…I used six erosion rates ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mm/yr. These represent longterm average erosion rates that fall within the range of rates measured in various mountain ranges over periods similar to those simulated (10 -30 Myr) [e.g., Benjamin et al, 1987;Cerveny et al, 1989;Brown et al, 1994;Burbank et al, 1996;Safran, 1998]. From the cooling ages, apparent erosion rates were estimated using the elevation dependence and mineral pair methods.…”

Section: Steady Uniform Erosionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Geomorphic interpretation of low‐temperature thermochronologic data: Insights from two‐dimensional thermal modeling

Safran

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Low-temperature thermochronologic data are useful for estimating mountain erosion rates because late stage cooling in mountain ranges often reflects exhumation via geomorphic erosion processes. Traditional interpretations of thermochronologic data assume steady, uniform erosion, conditions often violated in real mountain ranges. Here I examine whether unsteady or nonuniform erosion histories are detectable in patterns of erosion rate estimates made by traditional means. To do so, I numerically model the subsurface temperature field in a two-dimensional section of Earth's crust under various illustrative geomorphic scenarios. I generate simulated cooling ages within two isotopic systems, apatite fission track (FT) and (U-Th)/He, (He) at two landscape locations, ridge tops and valley bottoms. From these ages I make ''field estimates'' of erosion rates using the commonly employed elevation dependence and mineral pair methods. Calculations show that if errors on erosion rate estimates are kept small by replicate or transect sampling, many unsteady or nonuniform erosional histories do produce distinctive patterns of erosion rate estimates. For example, temporally increasing erosion rates produce poor agreement between erosion rate estimates made with a single method, while decreasing erosion rate produces good agreement between estimates made with a single method. Nonuniform erosion that decreases relief can produce erroneously high erosion rate estimates based on the elevation dependence method but also accurate and relatively precise mineral pair-based estimates. A history of decreasing relief can be distinguished from one of steady, uniform erosion by (1) close agreement between mineral pair estimates and poor agreement between elevation dependence estimates and (2) the magnitude of the difference between FT and He ages. The insights gleaned from these analyses can guide forward modeling of topographic and thermal evolution.

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Zircon fission-track ages from the Gasherbrum Diorite, Karakoram Range, northern Pakistan

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Spatial variation in exhumation rates across Ladakh and the Karakoram: New apatite fission track data from the Eastern Karakoram, NW India

Spatial variation in exhumation rates across Ladakh and the Karakoram: New apatite fission track data from the Eastern Karakoram, NW India

Stable Drainage Pattern and Variable Exhumation in the Western Himalaya since the Middle Miocene

Geomorphic interpretation of low‐temperature thermochronologic data: Insights from two‐dimensional thermal modeling

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