Zirconia aerogels for thermal management: Review of synthesis, processing, and properties information architecture

Walker, Rebecca C.; Potochniak, Anna E.; Hyer, Andres P.; Ferri, James K.

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2021.102464

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Therefore, the deposition process will occur preferentially in the neck, resulting in the reinforcement of the colloidal network structure. During the subsequent calcination, the specific surface area and pore volume of the xerogel prepared by co-precipitation decrease rapidly due to the collapse of the gel skeleton and the sintering and growth of the catalyst particles [33]. The catalytic performance of the above two catalysts for GL transesterification was investigated, and the results are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Effect Of Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate over Mg-Zr Composite Oxide Prepared by Hydrothermal Process

Zhao

Xue

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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A series of Mg-Zr composite oxide catalysts prepared by the hydrothermal process were used for the transesterification of glycerol (GL) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to produce glycerol carbonate (GC). The effects of the preparation method (co-precipitation, hydrothermal process) and Mg/Zr ratio on the catalytic performance were systematically investigated, and the deactivation of the catalyst was also explored. The Mg-Zr composite oxide catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, TPD, N2 adsorption-desorption, and XPS. The characterization results showed that compared with the co-precipitation process, the catalyst prepared by the hydrothermal process has a larger specific surface area, smaller grain size, and higher dispersion. Mg1Zr2-HT catalyst calcined at 600 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere exhibited the best catalytic performance. Under the conditions of reaction time of 90 min, reaction temperature of 90 °C, catalyst dosage of 3 wt% of GL, and GL/DMC molar ratio of 1/5, the GL conversion was 99% with 96.1% GC selectivity, and the yield of GC was 74.5% when it was reused for the fourth time.

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Section: Effect Of Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate over Mg-Zr Composite Oxide Prepared by Hydrothermal Process

Zhao

Xue

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/gels8070422/s1, Figure S1: XRD patterns of TiO 2 aerogels after subcritical drying (800 mbar, 70 • C, 8 h) without aging (1-4) and after 72 h of aging (5)(6)(7)(8) depending on the precursor type (TIP (a), TBOT (b)) and the solvent used for the additional solvent exchange (1, 5-without exchange; 2, 6-CH; 3, 7-nH; 4, 8-DE); Table S1: Details of STA curves that are typical for TiO 2 aerogel organic groups decomposition.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerogels have some variations, such as organic aerogels (cellulose [ 2 ], etc. ), carbon aerogels [ 3 ] (usually carbonized from organic aerogels), and oxide aerogels (silica [ 4 ], alumina [ 5 ], zirconia [ 6 ], and titania [ 7 ]). Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is considered one of the most well-known photocatalysts due to its efficient photocatalytic activities [ 8 ], low cost, and safety for human health [ 9 ] and the environment [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Precursor’s Nature and Drying Conditions on the Structure, Morphology, and Thermal Properties of TiO2 Aerogels

Donėlienė¹,

Fataraitė‐Urbonienė

Danchova

et al. 2022

Gels

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A cost-effective solution for the synthesis of high-porosity TiO2 aerogels, which can be used as a mesoporous perovskite network charge-carrier material during the manufacture of solar cells, is described. The effects of the synthesis parameters (precursor (titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TIP) and tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT)), additional solvent exchange (n-hexane (nH), cyclohexane (CH), and diethyl ether (DE)), subcritical drying (800 mbar vacuum, 70 °C, 8 h), aging, and calcination on the aerogel’s structure have been investigated. Methods of XRD, FT-IR, BET, Raman, STA, SEM, UV–vis, and thermal conductivity measurements were applied to find out the relation between the synthesis conditions and the properties of the synthesized aerogels. Amorphous aerogels are polydispersed systems with the highest probability of pore diameter from 0.5 to 15 nm. An nH-exchanged, aged aerogel synthesized from the precursor TIP shows the highest diameter of pores. After calcination, the aerogels tend to crystallize into an anatase phase and the size of the crystallites depends on the precursor’s nature. Calcination leads to a significant increase in both the apparent and true density of the aerogels, and it also results in an increase in porosity and thermal conductivity.

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“…Oxide (especially silica, as well as alumina, zirconia, and complex oxides) aerogels have been intensively explored, and great success has been achieved for wide applications in many fields, such as thermal insulation, catalyst support, water treatment, and energy storage. − However, oxide aerogels suffer from structural changes at high temperatures, often induced by sintering, crystallization, and/or phase transition (e.g., above 650 °C for silica aerogels and above 1000 °C for alumina aerogels). Such changes result in structural collapse, rapid decrease of specific surface area, and deterioration of materials’ performance, severely hindering their practical usage in high-temperature environments. − Compared with oxide aerogels, nonoxide (such as carbides, nitrides, and borides) aerogels exhibit better thermal stability and mechanical property due to their stable crystalline structure and strong chemical bonding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Formation of the TiCN Phase in SiBCN Ceramic Aerogels Enabling Superior Thermal and Structural Stability up to 1800 °C

Sun

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Ceramic aerogels show excellent thermal insulation and functional performance for their unique nanoporous structure. However, conventional ceramic aerogels often undergo structural collapse and performance deterioration in high-temperature environments due to sintering, crystallization, and/or phase transition. Here, we designed a TiCN/SiBCN ceramic aerogel in which the TiCN phase was in situ formed through a carbothermal reaction during pyrolysis. Benefiting from its unique pearl-necklace-like structure, the TiCN/SiBCN aerogel exhibits a high specific surface area (248 m2/g), a low thermal conductivity (0.08 W/m·K), and a considerable compressive strength (2.2 MPa). The formation of a stable TiCN phase endows the aerogel with significant resistance to thermal decomposition and crystallization up to 1800 °C. Moreover, the TiCN/SiBCN aerogel retains high surface area and low thermal conductivity after thermal treatment, indicative of the stability and reliability of the nanoporous structure. The TiCN/SiBCN ceramic aerogel with superior thermal and structural stability is an ideal candidate for structural and functional applications in high-temperature environments.

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Zirconia aerogels for thermal management: Review of synthesis, processing, and properties information architecture

Cited by 33 publications

References 181 publications

Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate over Mg-Zr Composite Oxide Prepared by Hydrothermal Process

Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate over Mg-Zr Composite Oxide Prepared by Hydrothermal Process

The Influence of the Precursor’s Nature and Drying Conditions on the Structure, Morphology, and Thermal Properties of TiO2 Aerogels

In Situ Formation of the TiCN Phase in SiBCN Ceramic Aerogels Enabling Superior Thermal and Structural Stability up to 1800 °C

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