Zirconia-Based Ceramics Reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes: A Review with Emphasis on Mechanical Properties

Abstract

This review outlines the state of the art, processing techniques, and mechanical testing methods of zirconia (ZrO2)-based composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The use of CNTs as a secondary phase in a zirconia matrix is motivated by their outstanding crack self-healing ability, the possibility to tailor the desired nano-structural properties, and their exceptional wear behavior. Therefore, a detailed investigation into CNT features has been provided. The debate of using the different Vickers indentation fracture toughness equations to estimate the resistance of crack propagation was critically reviewed according to crack characteristics. Finally, this review particularly highlights the exceptional role of ZrO2-based composites as a promising material owing to their outstanding tribo-mechanical properties.

Manufacturing of TiO2, Al2O3 and Y2O3 Ceramic Nanotubes for Application as Electrodes for Printable Electrochemical Sensors

“…The research was conducted towards preparation of ceramic nanotubes containing inks in order to deposit them in the form of screen-printed electrodes on both ceramic and flexible supports. Due to the proven synergy between carbon nanotubes and ceramic nanostructures described in the literature, although with other applications, e.g., in [47][48][49][50], the developed screen-printing inks started from commercial inks containing carbon nanotubes, already tested for printed electronics, to which a defined quantity of ceramic nanotubes was added. A slight increase in ink viscosity has no relevance for the screen-printing process, because the commercial inks themselves present larger values of viscosity, even if they are dedicated to printing on a wide range of materials in general [51].…”