Zirconia toughened hydroxyapatite biocomposite formed by a DLP 3D printing process for potential bone tissue engineering

Zhang, Jiancheng; Huang, Da; Liu, Shuifeng; Dong, Xiaoli; Li, Yi‐Heng; Zhang, Hongwu; Yang, Zijun; Su, Qisheng; Huang, Wenhua; Zheng, Wenxu; Zhou, Wuyi

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.110054

Cited by 86 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, one of the major drawbacks of AM remains—its limited materials selection portfolio, with low availability of high-performance materials with specific properties. Therefore, more research is required on providing materials with new features [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] with the minimum environmental cost, as demanded by today’s society. In this way, the use of 3D printing technologies in electronics has great potential since it allows the integration of sensors, conductors, devices with different electronic functions, etc., in the manufacturing process of three-dimensional objects at an affordable cost, while maintaining freedom in design [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In DLP, each layer of the resin is exposed all at once to the light source and then cured simultaneously. This allows considerably shorter building times than the point-by-point printing with a laser employed in SLA [ 2 , 3 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Printable materials are mainly composed of mono/multifunctional monomers and/or oligomers, photoinitiating systems and various additives. When the resin is exposed to UV light, the photoinitiators decompose into free radicals that react with the monomer and oligomers, causing them to covalently bond to form long cross-linked polymer chains [ 1 , 3 , 5 ]. Absorbing additives are commonly used to adjust the vertical resolution, that is, the smallest possible layer thickness [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyanilines (PANIs) seem to be excellent candidates for fabricating sensor devices, energy conversion and storage, or supercapacitors due to their intrinsic electrical properties [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], together with good environmental stability, simple synthesis and low cost [ 14 ]. Notwithstanding, its use in 3D printing via vat polymerization is scarce due to challenges such as overlapping UV–Vis absorbance of PANI and the photoinitiator, poor dispersion in the polymer matrix and viscosity at high filler concentrations [ 3 , 15 ]. Only a few recent reports have explored the possibility of incorporating PANI into formulations for DLP printing either individually [ 16 ] or combined with graphene [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printability Study of a Conductive Polyaniline/Acrylic Formulation for 3D Printing

et al. 2021

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There is need for developing novel conductive polymers for Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing. In this work, photorheology, in combination with Jacobs working curves, efficaciously predict the printability of polyaniline (PANI)/acrylate formulations with different contents of PANI and photoinitiator. The adjustment of the layer thickness according to cure depth values (Cd) allows printing of most formulations, except those with the highest gel point times determined by photorheology. In the working conditions, the maximum amount of PANI embedded within the resin was ≃3 wt% with a conductivity of 10−5 S cm−1, three orders of magnitude higher than the pure resin. Higher PANI loadings hinder printing quality without improving electrical conductivity. The optimal photoinitiator concentration was found between 6 and 7 wt%. The mechanical properties of the acrylic matrix are maintained in the composites, confirming the viability of these simple, low-cost, conductive composites for applications in flexible electronic devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printability Study of a Conductive Polyaniline/Acrylic Formulation for 3D Printing

et al. 2021

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“…More importantly, CP-based materials are biodegradable in nature when subjected to the human body and fail to support the reconstruction process because they do not maintain their original shapes [25]. To overcome this calamity, researchers used a composite formation strategy, blending calcium phosphate with mechanically strong and biologically inert zirconia [26]. It is well known that zirconia has an elastic modulus, fracture toughness and osseointegration properties similar to those of human bones [27].…”

Section: Commencement Of Zirconia Over Calcium-phosphate Scaffolds In Bone-regeneration Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges

et al. 2021

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The design of zirconia-based scaffolds using conventional techniques for bone-regeneration applications has been studied extensively. Similar to dental applications, the use of three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based ceramics for bone tissue engineering (BTE) has recently attracted considerable attention because of their high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, techniques to fabricate zirconia-based scaffolds for bone regeneration are in a stage of infancy. Hence, the biological activities of zirconia-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications have not been fully investigated, in contrast to the well-established calcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications. This paper outlines recent research developments and challenges concerning numerous three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based scaffolds and reviews the associated fundamental fabrication techniques, key 3D fabrication developments and practical encounters to identify the optimal 3D fabrication technique for obtaining 3D zirconia-based scaffolds suitable for real-world applications. This review mainly summarized the articles that focused on in vitro and in vivo studies along with the fundamental mechanical characterizations on the 3D zirconia-based scaffolds.

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Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing Technology for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

2022

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Additive manufacturing has transformed the perspective of producing three dimensions (3D) objects toward achieving high quality in terms of accuracy, resolution, and high mechanical integrity with excellent surface finishing in little time compared to subtractive (traditional) production. Vat photopolymerization (VPP) additive manufacturing is among the most common 3D printing technology used in the medical field, academic research, and industrial production of 3D parts. Four main 3D printing techniques fall under VPP, namely continuous liquid interface production (CLIP), daylight polymer printing (DPP), stereolithography (SLA), and digital light processing (DLP). The last two are the focus of the present article. The high accuracy, precision, the unique ability to produce highly complex porous structural geometries, the low printing cost, and the production time of 3D structures compared to subtractive 3D manufacturing make DLP and SLA suitable for medical applications, specifically in regenerative medicine. This review presents the recent trend of DLP and SLA as used in medical research related to bone tissue engineering highlighting the mechanical and biological properties of the resulting 3D bone structures. In addition, photopolymerization mechanisms, photocurable materials, and the working principles of DLP and SLA are introduced.

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Zirconia toughened hydroxyapatite biocomposite formed by a DLP 3D printing process for potential bone tissue engineering

Cited by 86 publications

References 63 publications

Printability Study of a Conductive Polyaniline/Acrylic Formulation for 3D Printing

Printability Study of a Conductive Polyaniline/Acrylic Formulation for 3D Printing

Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges

Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing Technology for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

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