Zirconium promoter effect on catalytic activity of Pd based catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber

Ge, Bingqing; Hu, Yuandong; Zhang, Hongwei; Xu, Junkang; Zhang, Peng; Yue, Yuanyuan; Zhu, Haibo; Lin, Sen; Yuan, Pei

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148212

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…8. 63 In the hydrogenation processes, both NBR and H 2 molecules are adsorbed together on the surface of Pd nanoparticles. In the first step, hydrogen molecules (H 2 ) are disassociated into two hydride species (Pd–H); in the second step, the hydrogen atoms attack the double bonds in CC in the adsorbed nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) molecules.…”

Section: Silica-based Nanomaterials and Its Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress in the applications of silica-based nanoparticles

Nayl

2022

RSC Adv.

110

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Section: Silica-based Nanomaterials and Its Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the transfer of electrons from both Zr and N–SiO 2 species to the particles of Pd, the electron-rich Pd active sites in the PdZr bi-component catalysts lead to a decrease in the reaction barriers to promote the catalytic activities. 63…”

Section: Silica-based Nanomaterials and Its Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the applications of silica-based nanoparticles

Nayl

2022

RSC Adv.

110

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“…3 Nevertheless, because of the large molecular size and high viscosity of polymers, higher demands are placed on the activity and stability of hydrogenation catalysts. 4,5 Pd/TiO 2 catalysts are intensively adopted in various heterogeneous catalytic reactions due to their tunable surface defect properties. 6−8 For instance, oxygen vacancies (Vo) or Ti 3+ sites on the surface of TiO 2 supports not only serve as anchor sites to generate well-dispersed metal nanoparticles (NPs), even single atoms, but also can delicately regulate the electronic and geometric structures of active metals to realize desired selectivity and activity for certain catalytic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the heterogeneous hydrogenation strategy has attracted increasing attention due to its stable catalyst performance and facile recovery of the spent catalysts . Nevertheless, because of the large molecular size and high viscosity of polymers, higher demands are placed on the activity and stability of hydrogenation catalysts. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Highly Active Pd–Ti³⁺ Sites in Defective Pd/TiO₂ Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogenation of Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene

Wang,

Ge,

Yang

et al. 2024

ACS Catal.

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Defect-rich Pd/TiO 2 catalysts are intensively adopted in heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions; however, the complexity of the defect structure makes it difficult to precisely identify which Pd-defect combination dominates the catalytic activity. Herein, defective TiO 2 nanoflakes with tunable ratios of Vo to Ti 3+ defects were synthesized and used to construct Pd−Vo and Pd−Ti 3+ active sites after loading Pd to investigate the role of defects in regulating the structural and catalytic properties of defective Pd/TiO 2 catalysts. Combining the experimental results and theoretical calculations, we reveal that both Vo and Ti 3+ defects act as the electron donors for Pd and induce the strong metal−support interaction. When compared to the Vo defect, the Ti 3+ defect behaves more significantly and donates more electrons, causing the Pd species on the catalysts to be better dispersed and more rich in electrons. These unique features endow the Pd−Ti 3+ active centers with enhanced adsorption−activation ability toward C�C and H 2 as well as reduced energy barrier of the rate-limiting step, thus improving the intrinsic activity. The Pd−Ti 3+ site manifests a high turnover frequency of 348 h −1 and hydrogenation degree of 97% for hydrogenation of C�C in styrene−butadiene−styrene, which significantly outperforms the Pd−Vo site (254 h −1 and 78%) and Pd nanoparticle (217 h −1 and 53%). This work provides deep insight into the role of defects in regulating the properties of metal active sites, which can be used to guide the development of high-performance Pd/TiO 2 catalysts for versatile applications.

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“…Based on a kinetic analysis of the hydrogenation process via a homogeneous catalytic route, Ai et al found that a hydrogenation degree of 75 mol% was achieved with 6 mg Grubbs II catalyst at 3 h in 100 mL toluene solution of 1.0 g NBR under 725 psi hydrogen (H 2 ) pressure and at 55 • C [8]. In the case of heterogeneous catalysis [9][10][11][12], silica and carbon nanotubes were introduced as catalyst carriers for hydrogenation reaction. However, the solution hydrogenation requires large amounts of organic solvents and cumbersome operations, which not only pollute the environment but also increase production costs [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation of Carboxyl Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Latex Using a Ruthenium-Based Catalyst

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2022

Catalysts

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Hydrogenated carboxyl nitrile rubber (HXNBR) is endowed with superior mechanical performance and heat–oxygen aging resistance via emulsion hydrogenation of its precursor, i.e., carboxyl nitrile rubber (XNBR). Herein, a ruthenium-based catalyst was prepared to achieve the direct catalytic hydrogenation of XNBR latex. The effects of a series of hydrogenation conditions, such as catalyst dosage, solid content and reaction temperature, as well as the hydrogen pressure, on the hydrogenation reaction were investigated in detail. We found that the hydrogenation rate fell upon increasing the solid content of the XNBR latex, with an XNBR conversion rate of 95.01 mol% in 7 h with 11.25 wt% solid content. As the reaction temperature was increased, the hydrogenation rate first increased and then decreased. The fastest reaction hydrogenation rate was reached at 140 °C, with an XNBR conversion of 95.10 mol% in 5 h. The hydrogenation rate was positively related with the hydrogen pressure employed in the reactor. In view of the safety and cost, a pressure rate of 1300 psi was considered optimal. Similarly, the hydrogenation rate can also be enhanced by adding more catalyst. When 0.05 wt% catalyst was added, the fastest hydrogenation rate was achieved. In summary, the following optimum hydrogenation conditions were determined by using a synthesized ruthenium-based catalyst: 11.25 wt% solid content of XNBR latex, 140 °C of reaction temperature, 1300 psi of hydrogen pressure and 0.05 wt% catalyst. The vulcanization, mechanical performance, aging resistance and oil resistance of the produced HXNBR under the above reaction conditions were systematically investigated.

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Zirconium promoter effect on catalytic activity of Pd based catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Recent progress in the applications of silica-based nanoparticles

Recent progress in the applications of silica-based nanoparticles

Construction of Highly Active Pd–Ti³⁺ Sites in Defective Pd/TiO₂ Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogenation of Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene

Hydrogenation of Carboxyl Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Latex Using a Ruthenium-Based Catalyst

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Zirconium promoter effect on catalytic activity of Pd based catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Recent progress in the applications of silica-based nanoparticles

Recent progress in the applications of silica-based nanoparticles

Construction of Highly Active Pd–Ti3+ Sites in Defective Pd/TiO2 Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogenation of Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene

Hydrogenation of Carboxyl Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Latex Using a Ruthenium-Based Catalyst

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Construction of Highly Active Pd–Ti³⁺ Sites in Defective Pd/TiO₂ Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogenation of Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene