Zirconium-titanium placers of the Voronezh Anteclise: Types, epochs and factors of formation, and forecast

Savko, A. D.; Zvonarev, A. E.; Иванов, Дмитрий Андреевич

doi:10.1134/s1075701512010060

Cited by 4 publications

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“…This region hosts one of the world's largest iron ore resources in mafic structural blocks (Bekker et al ., ; Dagelaysky, ; Gusel'nikov, ; Shchipansky and Bogdanova, ). Nearfield placers of Ti‐rich magnetite and ilmenite are known from the Upper Devonian, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic (Savko et al ., ; Shevyrev et al ., ). The richest placer with 51.8% of ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) in the heavy grain fraction is reported from the upper Frasnian of the north‐central Voronezh High (Savko et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nearfield placers of Ti‐rich magnetite and ilmenite are known from the Upper Devonian, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic (Savko et al ., ; Shevyrev et al ., ). The richest placer with 51.8% of ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) in the heavy grain fraction is reported from the upper Frasnian of the north‐central Voronezh High (Savko et al ., ). In contrast, the predominantly felsic basement of the Belorussian High is generally poor in iron and associated metals (Pap, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The upper Viséan–Serpukhovian in the type area for the Serpukhovian Stage (Moscow Basin, Russia): Part 2. bulk geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility

2014

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This study is the summary analysis of bulk XRF geochemistry (233 samples from three sections) of the Oka and Zaborie groups of the type Serpukhovian succession in the Moscow Basin. The siliciclastic wedges in the limestone-dominated Oka Group are two to three times enriched in Fe, Ti, and Zr compared to Clarke values. Bulk iron strongly correlates with magnetic susceptibility. Iron tends to form ferruginized horizons (original siderites) in finer grained siliciclastic beds associated with coal seams. These beds also tend to be enriched in Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and other trace metals (metal enrichment horizons or MEHs). MEHs formed in ponded conditions of coastal low-pH marshlands vegetated by mangrove-like lycopsid bushes. Well-drained environments of palaeokarst formation and alkaline everglades (Akulshino palustrine event) on the other hand did not accumulate Fe and trace metals. The thin shale seam (found close to the Viséan-Serpukhovian boundary in Polotnyanyi Zavod) has unusually high Rb and Sr values, which may contain volcanigenic material useful for absolute dating. The Gurovo Formation (Steshevian Substage of the Serpukhovian) is less enriched in Fe and Ti. In the Gurovo Formation, the transition from the lower montmorillonitic shale (Glazechnya Member) to the upper palygorskitic shale (Dashkovka Member) is expressed by a five-fold increase in background MgO values, which indicates progressive shoaling and climatic aridization. Phosphorus remains close to 0% in the Oka Group and tends to increase in the Zaborie Group, in agreement with a dramatic increase of conodont numbers and other signatures of a lower Serpukhovian marine transgression. The lower half of the Glazechnya Member exhibits fluctuating enrichment in Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, V, Cr, and Co. These fluctuations are mostly inverse to fluctuations of Mn. This pattern has been interpreted as a signature of seafloor oxygen deficiency, where Mn-rich samples record oxygen-poor environments (redox barrier level with the sediment surface) and Mn-poor samples enriched in Fe and trace metals record transitions to anoxic setting. This interval is interpreted as the Lower Serpukhovian highstand. Enrichment in Fe, Ti, and Zr of Oka siliciclastic units of Polotnyanyi Zavod indicates provenance from the ore-rich Voronezh Land, south of the Moscow Basin. The westerly flux regarded as a possible provenance in previous palaeogeographic reconstructions is discarded for the studied sections. The Gurovo Shale is also linked to the Voronezh province, although Fe, Ti, and Zr concentrations are lower than in the Oka shales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The upper Viséan–Serpukhovian in the type area for the Serpukhovian Stage (Moscow Basin, Russia): Part 2. bulk geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility

2014

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“…This 15 km long by 5 km wide fine sand resource is from 1 to 15 m thick. It began to form in the late Cenomanian as an offshore delta front mineral sand accumulation as witnessed by glauconite, the macro and micro fauna and phosphate grain coatings (Savko et al, 2000), but became emergent as sand bars. By the Santonian, it had become fully emergent and a new top surface was established by the wind (Patyk-Kara et al, 1999) before final burial under muddy sediments.…”

Section: Subsiding Shelf Placersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A feature of one of these deposits (WIM150 in Victoria, Australia) is hummocky cross stratification (Williams, 1990) also recorded by the author in another of these deposits in the Cretaceous McNairy Formation sands of Tennessee, USA. Descriptions of structures in fine sand facies of similar deposits on the Russian Platform strongly suggest hummocky cross stratification (Savko et al, 2000). These placers of offshore origin were first discovered in the 1960s in the Jurassic to Palaeogene fine sands of the Tethys Sea on the Russian Platform, but their mode of origin appears to be only recently recognised.…”

Section: Continental Shelf Placersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten placer deposit models from five sedimentary environments

Stanaway¹

2012

Applied Earth Science

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Placers deposits are now known from five sedimentary environments; washout, river, aeolian, beach, and continental shelf. In each environment, the concentration of mineral grains, or sorting, takes place either by removal of gangue grains (denudation) or by addition of valuable grains (accumulation). Any given deposit will result from both processes but one will usually predominate. Denudation placers all sit on or just above erosive scour surfaces. They arise from a two-step process; initial particle deposition followed by selective removal of gangue particles. For example, deposits from a waning flood-stage river will include many different size, shape and density particles but a subsequent lower energy normal river flow might remove only the smaller, flatter or the less dense particles. The second fluid flow can be quite different from the first as, for example, when the wind selectively removes sand grains deposited by waves. Repeating these two steps, transportation from source and selective entrainment of grains results in a high placer mineral flux allowing denudation placers to achieve high concentrations of particular minerals. Denudation placers have a small thicknesses or vertical dimension, and so they are essentially condensed sections. To be economic, they must have a high value mineral, a large surface area, a long linear dimension, or exceptional grade, and preferably several of these features. Accumulation placer formation does not involve later partial rework and selective grain removal. Concentration grade depends on maximum availability of a valuable mineral and minimal availability of gangue grains capable of being carried with, and deposited from, a given fluid flow condition. Such placer deposits tend to be lower grade compared to denudation placers because the placer mineral flux does not focus on a single two-dimensional surface. Instead repeated favourable flow energy episodes superimpose placer grain enriched-sediment in situations of accumulation with minimal scour. Their large volume makes them economically valuable.

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The Paleogene of the Cis-Donets Monocline and Its Palynological Characteristics

Iakovleva

Александрова

2021

Stratigr. Geol. Correl.

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Zirconium-titanium placers of the Voronezh Anteclise: Types, epochs and factors of formation, and forecast

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The upper Viséan–Serpukhovian in the type area for the Serpukhovian Stage (Moscow Basin, Russia): Part 2. bulk geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility

The upper Viséan–Serpukhovian in the type area for the Serpukhovian Stage (Moscow Basin, Russia): Part 2. bulk geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility

Ten placer deposit models from five sedimentary environments

The Paleogene of the Cis-Donets Monocline and Its Palynological Characteristics

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