Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica: Analytical Characterization and Biological Activities

Abstract

The Lamiaceae family comprises many flowering plants classified into about 236 genera. The genus Ziziphora is one of the well-known genera of this family and its species are important in different fields of pharmaceutical, chemical, traditional, and folk medicines. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes, and phenolic substances. The aim of this paper was to study the phytochemical profile of Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica and compare and evaluate the biological activities of its ethyl acetate (ZTT-EtOAc), methanolic (ZTT-MeOH), and aqueous (ZTT-W) extracts based on their enzyme inhibition and antioxidant capacities. Determination of total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents as well as biological activities were determined using spectrophotometric procedures. Subsequently, the individual phenolic compounds were detected by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). In total, twenty-two different phenolic compounds were identified, including apigenin, ferulic acid, and luteolin which were the most common. ZTT-MeOH extract showed the best antioxidant activity, whereas ZTT-EtOAc extract was the most effective against tyrosinase and α-amylase. Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica represents a potential source of natural compounds with positive effects on human health.

Study on the Chemical Composition, Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Ziziphora taurica subsp. cleonioides

“…However, in a recent study, Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica, was examined for its α-amylase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity [45]. Our data are in accordance with Tomaczyk et al [45], and potentiate the fact that Ziziphora species are potential alternative candidates against glucose metabolism and hyperpigmentation disorders.…”

Potential Antioxidant and Antiviral Activities of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Selected Lamiaceae Species

“…Many of these compounds were previously found in different species of Lamiaceae, such as protocatechuic acid hexoside, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid and its methyl ester derivative [21,22]. Additionally, coumaroylquinic acid isomers and feruloylquinic acid have been previously identified in Lamiaceae plants [23]. Rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid were also described for different species of Ziziphora [23].…”

“…Additionally, coumaroylquinic acid isomers and feruloylquinic acid have been previously identified in Lamiaceae plants [23]. Rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid were also described for different species of Ziziphora [23].…”

Analytical determinations of luteolin

“…33 Adding the technique of electrospray ionization (ESI), to produce ions from the analytes, coupled with the MS/MS detector, the group of Tomczyk could identify and quantified 31 compounds from Ziziphora taurica (subsp. Taurica), reaching a LOD value of 1.34 μg/L 34 In the work of Han and co-worked, a rapid LC-QQQ-MS method (triple Quad MS) was used for simultaneous determination of luteolin and others eight major compounds in Eclipta prostrata L. in different habitats. 35 The results yielded good analytical parameters and the speed with which these analyses can be performed stands out.…”

“…Adding the technique of electrospray ionization (ESI), to produce ions from the analytes, coupled with the MS/MS detector, the group of Tomczyk could identify and quantified 31 compounds from Ziziphora taurica (subsp. Taurica ), reaching a LOD value of 1.34 μg/L 34 …”