Ziziphora tenuior L. essential oil from Dana Biosphere Reserve (Southern Jordan); Chemical characterization and assessment of biological activities

Abu-Darwish, Mohammad Sanad; Cabral, Célia; Gonçalves, Margarida; Cavaleiro, Carlos; Cruz, Maria Teresa; Paoli, Mathieu; Tomi, F.; Efferth, Thomas; Salgueiro, Lígia

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.076

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Various studies have shown that pulegone is the main ingredient in various Ziziphora species (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25); nonetheless, the percentage of pulegone in the present study is lower than that in other studies. Also, the concentration of 50 μg/ml of ZEO reduces the number and imposes morphological changes in HT-29 cells.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…In this study, the main extracted compounds were pulegone (24%), menthol (14%), and menthone (9%) [22]. Other studies showed a tumor suppressor mechanism so that P53 acts as a transcription factor for a set of proapoptotic proteins from the BCL family (Puma, Bid, Noxa, and Bax).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Although 2) with the extracts of oils of other Ziziphora species shows partial similarities among them, but still some dissimilarities on its chemical composition might mainly be due to the growing conditions of the plant, water and air conditions, place of growth, altitude, etc. (20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apoptosis Induced by Ziziphora tenuior Essential Oil in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Azimi

Mehrzad

Ahmadi

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Ziziphora (Cacotti in Persian) belongs to the Lamiaceae family (mint group) and is vastly found in Iran and Asia. This traditional medicinal plant is normally used as analgesic and for treatment of particular gastrointestinal diseases. Since colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death among adults, there is a pressing need to inhibit this malignancy by using methods with minimal side effects. One of these methods is the use of natural resources such as medical plants. This study is aimed at investigating the expression of apoptosis-related genes in the adjacent culture of colorectal cancer epithelial cells (HT-29) with Ziziphora essential oil (ZEO). The essential oil was extracted from Ziziphora leaves, and its compounds were determined and then added to the HT-29 culture medium at different concentrations. After 24 hours, the HT-29 cells were harvested from the medium and cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. After MTT assay and determination of the percentage of apoptosis by flow cytometry, RNA extraction was performed and the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 3 (C3), and caspase 9 (C9) were analyzed using newly designed primers by reverse transcription (RT) qPCR method and GeniX6 software. Also, specific antibodies were used for western blot analyses of those molecules. GC analysis revealed 42 different compounds in the ZEO, including pulegone (26.65%), menthone (5.74%), thymol (5.51%), and menthol (1.02%). MTT assay showed that the concentration of 200 μg/ml of ZEO had the highest HT-29 cell death during 24 hours. After incubation with the concentration of 50 μg/ml of ZEO for 24 and 48 hours, caspase 3 and 9 gene expressions in the treated group increased compared to those in the control group ( P < 0.001 ), while the Bcl-2 expression decreased. The results showed that having anticancer compounds, ZEO can increase C3 and C9 and decrease Bcl-2 expressions, causing apoptosis in HT-29 cells in vitro. This can lead to the use of ZEO as a factor for colorectal cancer treatment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Apoptosis Induced by Ziziphora tenuior Essential Oil in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Azimi

Mehrzad

Ahmadi

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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“…Phytochemicals including essential oils (EO) and plant extracts isolated from diverse flora have shown to be effective alternatives with a potential to form novel drugs that could effectively be used in the treatment of such kind of recalcitrant infections (Bakkali et al, 2008 ). The EO and its active components (EO-ACs) have been extensively exploited and described to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and considered safe in terms of animal and human health usage (Tampieri et al, 2005 ; Alves-Silva et al, 2016 ; Darwish et al, 2016 ). According to a recent report, carvacrol showed antifungal activity against C. neoformans strains and thus could be a potent drug component (Nobrega et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Essential Oil Active Components against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus laurentii

et al. 2017

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Cryptococcosis is an emerging and recalcitrant systemic infection occurring in immunocompromised patients. This invasive fungal infection is difficult to treat due to the ability of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus laurentii to form biofilms resistant to standard antifungal treatment. The toxicity concern of these drugs has stimulated the search for natural therapeutic alternatives. Essential oil and their active components (EO-ACs) have shown to possess the variety of biological and pharmacological properties. In the present investigation the effect of six (EO-ACs) sourced from Oregano oil (Carvacrol), Cinnamon oil (Cinnamaldehyde), Lemongrass oil (Citral), Clove oil (Eugenol), Peppermint oil (Menthol) and Thyme oil (thymol) against three infectious forms; planktonic cells, biofilm formation and preformed biofilm of C. neoformans and C. laurentii were evaluated as compared to standard drugs. Data showed that antibiofilm activity of the tested EO-ACs were in the order: thymol>carvacrol>citral>eugenol=cinnamaldehyde>menthol respectively. The three most potent EO-ACs, thymol, carvacrol, and citral showed excellent antibiofilm activity at a much lower concentration against C. laurentii in comparison to C. neoformans indicating the resistant nature of the latter. Effect of the potent EO-ACs on the biofilm morphology was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which revealed the absence of extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM), reduction in cellular density and alteration in the surface morphology of biofilm cells. Further, to realize the efficacy of the EO-ACs in terms of human safety, cytotoxicity assays and co-culture model were evaluated. Thymol and carvacrol as compared to citral were the most efficient in terms of human safety in keratinocyte- Cryptococcus sp. co-culture infection model suggesting that these two can be further exploited as cost-effective and non-toxic anti-cryptococcal drugs.

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“…Plants from the Lamiaceae family had the best antifungal activity, including Lavandula dentata (0.045–0.07 mg/L) [ 21 ], Satureja macrosiphon (0.06–8 mg/L) [ 22 ], and Ziziphora tenuior (2.5 mg/L) [ 23 ]. Artemisia judaica (2.5 mg/L) from the Asteraceae family [ 24 ], Lawsonia inermis (2.5–12.5 mg/L) from the Lythraceae family [ 25 ], and Thymus vulgaris (12.5 mg/L) from the Lamiaceae family [ 26 ] likewise exhibited good antifungal activity ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Preparations and Compounds with Activities against Biofilms Formed by Candida spp.

Karpiński

Ożarowski

Seremak‐Mrozikiewicz

et al. 2021

JoF

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Fungi from the genus Candida are very important human and animal pathogens. Many strains can produce biofilms, which inhibit the activity of antifungal drugs and increase the tolerance or resistance to them as well. Clinically, this process leads to persistent infections and increased mortality. Today, many Candida species are resistant to drugs, including C. auris, which is a multiresistant pathogen. Natural compounds may potentially be used to combat multiresistant and biofilm-forming strains. The aim of this review was to present plant-derived preparations and compounds that inhibit Candida biofilm formation by at least 50%. A total of 29 essential oils and 16 plant extracts demonstrate activity against Candida biofilms, with the following families predominating: Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apiacae. Lavandula dentata (0.045–0.07 mg/L), Satureja macrosiphon (0.06–8 mg/L), and Ziziphora tenuior (2.5 mg/L) have the best antifungal activity. High efficacy has also been observed with Artemisia judaica, Lawsonia inermis, and Thymus vulgaris. Moreover, 69 plant compounds demonstrate activity against Candida biofilms. Activity in concentrations below 16 mg/L was observed with phenolic compounds (thymol, pterostilbene, and eugenol), sesquiterpene derivatives (warburganal, polygodial, and ivalin), chalconoid (lichochalcone A), steroidal saponin (dioscin), flavonoid (baicalein), alkaloids (waltheriones), macrocyclic bisbibenzyl (riccardin D), and cannabinoid (cannabidiol). The above compounds act on biofilm formation and/or mature biofilms. In summary, plant preparations and compounds exhibit anti-biofilm activity against Candida. Given this, they may be a promising alternative to antifungal drugs.

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Ziziphora tenuior L. essential oil from Dana Biosphere Reserve (Southern Jordan); Chemical characterization and assessment of biological activities

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Apoptosis Induced by Ziziphora tenuior Essential Oil in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Apoptosis Induced by Ziziphora tenuior Essential Oil in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Essential Oil Active Components against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus laurentii

Plant Preparations and Compounds with Activities against Biofilms Formed by Candida spp.

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