Zn(ClO₄)₂⋅6H₂O‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Amides via Ritter Reaction with Alcohols, Acetic Anhydride and Nitriles

Abstract

The first example of the direct conversion of alcohols, acetic anhydride and nitriles into their corresponding amides through an ester reaction and Ritter reaction sequence is described. One-pot reaction of alcohols, acetic anhydride and nitriles was catalyzed by Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 ⋅6H 2 O to afford corresponding amides in good to excellent yields for most case under solvent-free conditions.

Recent Applications of Ritter Reactions in Organic Syntheses

“…[31] In [32] In 2018, the Feng research group proposed the synthesis of linear amide structures 55 by the reaction of different nitriles 1 with various alcohols 54 in the presence of Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O as catalyst (Scheme 18). [33] In 2016, the classical Ritter reaction of nitriles 1 with alcohols 54 in the presence of In(OTf) 3 in liquid SO 2 as fine solvent gave linear amide 55 (Scheme 19). [34] The synthesis of linear amides 55 was developed by the reaction of nitrile 1 with secondary or tertiary alcohols 54 in the presence of aluminum hydrogen sulfate [Al(HSO 4 ) 3 ] as the catalyst and MeNO 2 solvent.…”

“…In 2018, the Feng research group proposed the synthesis of linear amide structures 55 by the reaction of different nitriles 1 with various alcohols 54 in the presence of Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O as catalyst (Scheme 18). [33] …”