Zn Electrodeposition on Single-Crystal GaN(0001) Surface: Nucleation and Growth Mechanism

Peng, Fei; Qin, Shuang-Jiao; Zhao, Yu; Pan, Ge‐Bo

doi:10.1155/2016/3212703

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Figure gives the observed features of the plot of ( i / i m ) 2 vs ( t / t m ) for zinc–graphene composite at a glassy carbon electrode in GQD bath and the composite formation at the GQD electrode. The observed features at the GQD electrode fit well with progressive nucleation ,− by examining the very early stages of electrodeposition from the start until [ t / t m = 2], the region where the theoretical model − ,− predicts a faster decay of current ratio than in the instantaneous nucleation. It appears that in the GQD bath the zinc–graphene composite follows an instantaneous nucleation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Composite of Zinc Using Graphene Quantum Dot Bath: A Prospective Material For Energy Storage

Protich

Wong

Santhanam

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The electrodeposition of a zinc–graphene composite has been achieved for the first time using a graphene quantum dot (GQD) electrode. At the GQD electrode, the electrochemical reduction of zinc ion is shifted to a lesser negative potential with the complementary anodic peak due to the oxidation of the composite shifted toward a positive potential as compared to zinc ion reduction in the GQD bath. The charge ratio of anodic to cathodic peaks is one that represents a gain of nearly ten percent over the conventional Zn/Zn2+ in the energy storage systems. In galvanostatic electrolysis, the deposition of zinc–graphene composite is carried out under neutral and acidic conditions. The X-ray diffraction of the electrolytically prepared composite shows distinct features of 2 theta reflection at 8° due to (001) plane of graphene, in addition to the characteristic reflections at 38.9°,43.2°, 54.3°, 70.1° and 90° arising from Zn at (002), (100), (101), (102) and (110). A large scale preparation of the zinc–graphene composite has been achieved with a zinc plate as the working electrode in the GQD bath. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the composite shows a distinct weight loss that is due to breakdown of the composite. The interaction of GQD with zinc ion has been examined by fluorescence spectroscopy that shows quenching of the fluorescence of GQD. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDAX) shows a string-like structure with peaks for carbon and zinc in EDAX. The electrochemical data on zinc/zinc–graphene composite reveals that it functions ideally as a charge storage material. Contact angle measurements reveal it to have hydrophilicity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Composite of Zinc Using Graphene Quantum Dot Bath: A Prospective Material For Energy Storage

Protich

Wong

Santhanam

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Figure 5 gives the observed features of the plot of (i/i m ) 2 vs (t/t m ) for zinc-graphene composite at glassy carbon electrode in GQD bath and the composite formation at the GQD electrode. The observed features at GQD electrode fit well into progressive nucleation; the theoretical model [49][50][51] predicts a faster decay of current ratio than in the instantaneous nucleation. It appears that in the GQD bath the zinc-graphene composite follows an instantaneous nucleation.…”

Section: Modeling Nucleation Of Zinc-graphene Compositesupporting

confidence: 56%

A new graphene composite with a high coulombic efficiency

Protich

Wong

Santhanam

2016

Journal of Power Sources

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Zinc-graphene composite has been electrolytically produced for the first time using a graphene quantum dot (GQD) electrode. The electrochemical reduction of zinc ion at a GQD electrode is shifted to a lesser negative potential with the complimentary anodic peak due to the oxidation of the composite shifted towards a positive potential as compared to zinc ion reduction in the GQD bath. The coulombic efficiency of the composite represents a gain of nearly 10% over the conventional Zn/Zn 2+ in the energy storage systems. In galvanostatic electrolysis, the deposition of zinc-graphene composite is carried out under neutral and acidic conditions. The Xray diffraction of the electrolytically prepared composite shows distinct features of 2 theta reflection at 8 o due to (001) plane of graphene, in addition to the characteristic reflections at 38.9 o ,43.2 o , 54.3 o , 70.1 o and 90 o arising from Zn at (002), (100), (101), (102) and (110). A large scale preparation of the zinc-graphene composite has been achieved at a zinc plate as the working electrode in the GQD bath. The composite is stable up to 250 o C. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDAX) shows a string like structure with peaks for carbon and zinc in EDAX.

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“…Hyde and Compton exhaustively reviewed the chronological developments of such models in a diffusion-controlled regime. On the other hand, main-stream experimental studies − have investigated the relative validity of these models through closeness-of-fit between the theoretical predictions and experimental current transients ( i versus t ) in potentiostatic regimes. One of the most widely applied models was originally developed by Scharifker and Hills .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Modulation of Island Density of Electrodeposits Using Pulsatile Waveforms

Dhara,

Sarkar,

Chakraborty

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Electroplating with dynamic voltage pulsing, also termed pulsed electroplating, is becoming popular in controlling the grain size, surface morphology, and growth dynamics. In the present work, the hitherto less explored effects of pulse time scales (i.e., temporal distributions of zero and nonzero potentials), frequency, and waveform on the dynamics of nucleation-induced island density during copper electrodeposition were quantified in a specifically designed electrochemical setup by optical microscopy. The images were analyzed to highlight significant effects of applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, etc. on the transient island density, surface coverage, and average island size. The efficacy of pulsed electrodeposition was benchmarked against that of its equivalent DC counterpart. The study confirmed the existence of a limiting state below which pulse electrodeposition was noted to produce the same island density as that of the constant potential (DC) experiment despite intermittent zero-potential states in any pulse function. Additionally, the effects of waveforms over the nonzero potential state (ON-time) of any pulse were investigated using four different ramp-type functions. Interestingly, the specific waveform with an initial positive slope outperformed the others in terms of the higher island density. The results unambiguously demonstrated the effectiveness of pulsed potential waveforms in electrodeposition and conform to the basic physics of the process.

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Zn Electrodeposition on Single-Crystal GaN(0001) Surface: Nucleation and Growth Mechanism

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Composite of Zinc Using Graphene Quantum Dot Bath: A Prospective Material For Energy Storage

Composite of Zinc Using Graphene Quantum Dot Bath: A Prospective Material For Energy Storage

A new graphene composite with a high coulombic efficiency

New Insights into the Modulation of Island Density of Electrodeposits Using Pulsatile Waveforms

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