Zn pollution counteracts Cd toxicity in metal‐tolerant ectomycorrhizal fungi and their host plant, <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>

& Introduction Heavy metal pollution is a strong driver of above-and belowground communities and triggers evolutionary adaptation in organisms. This review provides an overview of our knowledge on the effects of toxic concentrations of metals on ectomycorrhizal populations and communities. & Discussion Selection and adaptations within particular ectomycorrhizal species that colonise host plants in harsh environments is discussed. Among these adaptations, we focus on the metal exclusion strategy that is discovered in metal-tolerant ecotypes of Suillus species that thrive on metalliferous soils. Metal efflux in metaltolerant ecotypes prevents metal overloading of cytoplasm and vacuole. At the same time, this metal-specific efflux system in Suillus seems to reduce the transfer of large quantities of metals towards the plant-fungus interface, without hampering normal nutrient transfer to the host plant. & Conclusion The evolutionary adaptation in Suillus species contributes to the survival of host trees on metalliferous soils and might be exploited in phytostabilisation strategies for heavy metal-contaminated soils.

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“…Also, the metal-sensitive and metal-tolerant ecotypes of Suillus spp. have high, similar nutrient uptake capacities Krznaric et al 2010).…”

Section: A Case Study: the Adaptive Metal Tolerance In Suillus Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How metal-tolerant ecotypes of ectomycorrhizal fungi protect plants from heavy metal pollution

Colpaert

Wevers

Krznaric

et al. 2011

Annals of Forest Science

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181

136

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“…Indeed, when soil nutrients and MTE are solubilized, fungi can store MTE and then limit the absorption by roots and the translocation to shoots (Krznaric et al 2010). The works of Sousa et al (2012) described in the previous paragraph indicated a benefic effect of the fungus R. roseolus to reduce Cd in pine (P. pinaster) roots and increase the storage of this MTE in shoots.…”

Section: Mycorrhizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils

Sherameti¹,

Varma²

2015

Soil Biology

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“…Relative dry weight was calculated with equation (1) ) in solid cultures); using 12 Zn × Cd co-ordinates, based on publications by Hartley et al (1997b) and Krznaric et al (2010).…”

Section: And Zn Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cd and Zn interactions and toxicity in ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes in axenic culture

Oliveira

Tibbett

2018

Preprint

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Combined Zn and Cd treatments were also applied to H. subsaponaceum and Scleroderma sp. Dry weight was recorded after 30 days, and in case of solid medium treatments, radial growth was also measured. Results and Discussion. All species were adversely affected by high levels of Cd and Zn, and A. occidentalis was the most sensitive, with considerable biomass decrease at 1 mg L -1 Cd, while Scleroderma sp. and H. subsaponaceum were the most tolerant, which are species commonly found in highly contaminated sites. Cd was generally 10 times more toxic than Zn, which may explain why Zn had little impact in alleviating Cd effects. In some cases, Cd and Zn interactions led to a synergistic toxicity, depending on the concentrations applied and type of media used. Increased tolerance patterns were detected in fungi grown in solid medium and may be the cause of divergent toxicity thresholds found in the literature. Furthermore, solid medium allows measuring radial growth/mycelial density as endpoints which are informative and in this case appeared be related to the high tolerance indices found in H. subsaponaceum. commonly found in highly contaminated sites. Cd was generally 10 times more toxic than Zn, which may explain why Zn had little impact in alleviating Cd effects. In some cases, Cd and Zn interactions led to a synergistic toxicity, depending on the concentrations applied and type of media used. Increased tolerance patterns were detected in fungi grown in solid medium and may be the cause of divergent toxicity thresholds found in the literature. Furthermore, solid medium allows measuring radial growth/mycelial density as endpoints which are informative and in this case appeared be related to the high tolerance indices found in H. subsaponaceum.

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Zn pollution counteracts Cd toxicity in metal‐tolerant ectomycorrhizal fungi and their host plant, Pinus sylvestris

Cited by 36 publications

References 44 publications

How metal-tolerant ecotypes of ectomycorrhizal fungi protect plants from heavy metal pollution

How metal-tolerant ecotypes of ectomycorrhizal fungi protect plants from heavy metal pollution

Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils

Cd and Zn interactions and toxicity in ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes in axenic culture

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