ZnO:Al cathode for highly efficient, semitransparent 4% organic solar cells utilizing TiO<i>x</i> and aluminum interlayers

Bauer, Andreas; Wahl, Tina; Hanisch, Jonas; Ahlswede, Erik

doi:10.1063/1.3685718

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…They have shown that the incorporation of an outer MoO 3 layer suppresses the series resistance and enhances the optical transmittance of the solar cell as a conductive anti‐reflective coating. ZnO/Ag stack‐based electrical contacts also were successfully used in high efficient semitransparent OSCs . Moreover, promising multilayer dielectric‐metal‐dielectric electrical contacts actively replace ITO‐based top contacts of semitransparent OSCs .…”

Section: Electrodes For Semitransparent Oscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: From Molecular Design to Device Performance

et al. 2019

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Recent research efforts on solution-processed semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) are presented. Essential properties of organic donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction blends and electrode materials, required for the combination of simultaneous high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance of photovoltaic devices, are presented from the materials science and device engineering points of view. Aspects of optical perception, charge generation-recombination, and extraction processes relevant for semitransparent OSCs are also discussed in detail. Furthermore, the theoretical limits of PCE for fully transparent OSCs, compared to the performance of the best reported semitransparent OSCs, and options for further optimization are discussed. Hall of Fame ArticleAlthough the last decade has seen much progress in the field of OSC research, the development of semitransparent devices lags behind because of the lack of optimized photoactive materials. [22][23][24][25] The strong absorption of the active materials in the visible region causes difficulty when one tries to balance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and transmittance. Encouragingly, the recent progress of fullerene-free OSCs has the potential to shed fundamental solutions to overcome these obstacles, hence becoming attractive research topics on developing narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors to researchers. [26][27][28][29][30] We focus in this section on presenting recent progress in the design of narrow-bandgap organic semiconductors that have bandgaps less than 1.5 eV and have extended the boundaries of visible transparent/NIR absorbing OSC technology. Solution-Processable Organic SemiconductorsOrganic semiconductors are carbon-based materials with an electronically delocalized π-conjugated backbone. Such π-conjugated systems are created by a linear series of overlapping p z orbitals (π bonds). [31,32] As the parallel overlap of carbon p z orbitals increases with the molecular extension, the π bonds may further spread out into π bands, and this leads to a narrower energy bandgap. The energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) corresponds to the topmost π band, and the lowest π* band is referred to as the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The energy gap between the HOMO and the LUMO dominates optical properties. Photoexcitations result in Coulombically bound excitons (electron-hole pairs) due to the low dielectric constant (ε ≈ 2−4) characteristic of organic semiconductors. [33,34] The exciton binding energy is in the range of 0.3−1 eV, thus requiring a high interfacial area between electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) components to promote exciton dissociation into free carriers. [35,36] This approach has led to the development of organic bulk heterojunctions (BHJs), which are cast from blend solutions of D and A components. [37][38][39] The excitonic nature of organic semiconductors offers an advantage in wavelength-specific light harvesting applications through a delicate manipulation of energy ...

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Section: Electrodes For Semitransparent Oscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: From Molecular Design to Device Performance

et al. 2019

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“…As seen in Table 1 and Fig. 1c, the fabricated Tk-Ag cell with 330 nm indium tin oxide (ITO) yielded a short-circuit current of 14 mA cm 22 and a PCE of 7.3%, which are taken as the reference cell parameters for comparison with the semi-transparent cells. The experimentally measured external quantum efficiency (EQE) for the Tk-Ag cell is shown in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transparent polymer solar cells employing a layered light-trapping architecture

et al. 2013

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Organic solar cells have unique properties that make them very attractive as a renewable energy source. Of particular interest are semi-transparent cells, which have the potential to be integrated into building façades yet not completely block light. However, making organic cells transparent limits the metal electrode thickness to a few nanometres, drastically reducing its reflectivity and the device photon-harvesting capacity. Here, we propose and implement an ad hoc path for light-harvesting recovery to bring the photon-to-charge conversion up to almost 80% that of its opaque counterpart. We report semi-transparent PTB7:PC 71 BM cells that exhibit 30% visible light transmission and 5.6% power conversion efficiency. Non-periodic photonic crystals are used to trap near-infrared and near-ultraviolet photons. By modifying the layer structure it is possible to tune the device colour without significantly altering cell performance.

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“…This electrode must be deposited when the absorber layer has already been deposited on the substrate and a nonaggressive deposition procedure needs to be used. Several different options have been considered, such as low-temperature annealed indium tin oxide (ITO), [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] a three-layer architecture combining a dielectric layer, an ultra thin metal layer, and a second dielectric layer, [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] PEDOT, [65][66][67] silver grid, 68 graphene, [69][70][71] carbon nanotubes, 67,72 and silver nanowires (AgNW). [73][74][75][76][77][78] However, the need for a nondestructive deposition technique for the top semi-transparent electrode is probably not the major issue that semi-transparent OPV cells must overcome before becoming an industrially viable solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-transparent polymer solar cells

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Over the last three decades, progress in the organic photovoltaic field has resulted in some device features which make organic cells applicable in electricity generation configurations where the standard silicon-based technology is not suitable, for instance, when a semitransparent photovoltaic panel is needed. When the thin film solar cell performance is evaluated in terms of the device's visible transparency and power conversion efficiency, organic solar cells offer the most promising solution. During the last three years, research in the field has consolidated several approaches for the fabrication of high performance semi-transparent organic solar cells. We have grouped these approaches under three categories: devices where the absorber layer includes near-infrared absorption polymers, devices incorporating one-dimensional photonic crystals, and devices with a metal cavity light trapping configuration. We herein review these approaches.

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ZnO:Al cathode for highly efficient, semitransparent 4% organic solar cells utilizing TiOx and aluminum interlayers

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Solution‐Processed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: From Molecular Design to Device Performance

Solution‐Processed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: From Molecular Design to Device Performance

Transparent polymer solar cells employing a layered light-trapping architecture

Semi-transparent polymer solar cells

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