ZnO and Hydroxyapatite-Modified Magnesium Implant with a Broad Spectrum of Antibacterial Properties and a Unique Minimally Invasive Defined Degrading Capability

Abstract

ZnO and hydroxyapatite-based membranes have been proposed to improve the antibacterial properties and anticorrosion capabilities of the magnesium implant, simultaneously. More importantly, the concept of minimally invasive surgery has been introduced to define the degradation timing of the as-modified magnesium implant. With the aid of a Kirschner wire, the as-prepared membrane could immediately change from the “protective layer” to the “degradation accelerator” of the implant material. The subsequent studies have implied that this membrane could be a promising avenue to create a biocompatible and lightweight implant material with a valuable personal customized degradable timing capability.

Bio-Fabrication and Experimental Validation of an Mg - 25Ca - 5Zn Alloy Proposed for a Porous Metallic Scaffold

“…Currently, the use of biomaterials in various applications such as orthognathic surgery has driven the development of techniques using allografts, autologous implants and demineralized bone matrix (DBM), However, according to the American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB), deregulation has led to problems, because bone must be harvested from the patient and/or corpse, causing risks of infections, morbidity and potential legal issues [1][2][3][4][5][6]. A base biomaterial Mg -25 wt% Ca -5 wt% Zn that can be used as a scaffold for the fractured bone to recover, avoiding tissue laceration and re-operation, can provide a higher healing rate without the risks associated with the primary procedure [7][8][9][10]. For applications where a scaffold is required as a complement to manage a fracture, the proposal of a porous scaffold made of Mg -25 wt% Ca -5 wt% Zn has become an interesting option [10][11][12], because the FDA has determined that the products contained within a human demineralized bone matrix (DBM), do not comply with the provisions of Section 361 of the public health service law, mainly because they are not sterilizing agents [13].…”

Antibacterial Properties of Bilayer Biomimetic Nano-ZnO for Dental Implants

“…Therefore, it will be of great significance to endow the surfaces of implants with antibacterial properties, especially long-term pathogen-inhibiting capabilities . Nano-ZnO has been proved to be broad-spectrum antibacterial to various pathogenic microorganism, including Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses . Besides, ZnO is one of the inorganic nanomaterials approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for use on the human body .…”

“…5 Nano-ZnO has been proved to be broad-spectrum antibacterial to various pathogenic microorganism, including Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. 6 Besides, ZnO is one of the inorganic nanomaterials approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for use on the human body. 7 Meanwhile, ZnO is widely used in stomatology, 8 for example, as ZnO bottom material 9 and in temporary cement, 10 zinc oxide and eugenol, 11 periodontal dressing Sne-Pack, 12 and so on.…”