ZnO nanoparticles
(NPs) have attracted great attention in cancer
therapy because of their novel and tailorable physicochemical features.
Pure ZnO NPs, molybdenum (Mo)-doped ZnO NPs, and Mo-ZnO/reduced graphene
oxide nanocomposites (Mo-ZnO/RGO NCs) were prepared using a facile,
inexpensive, and eco-friendly approach using date palm (
Phoenix dactylifera
L.) fruit extract. Anticancer
efficacy of green synthesized NPs/NCs was examined in two different
cancer cells. The potential mechanism of the anticancer activity of
green synthesized NPs/NCs was explored through oxidative stress and
apoptosis. The syntheses of pure ZnO NPs, Mo-ZnO NPs, and Mo-ZnO/RGO
NCs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and photoluminescence (PL). Dynamic light
scattering (DLS) study indicated the excellent colloidal stability
of green prepared samples. Mo-ZnO/RGO NCs exhibited threefold higher
anticancer activity in human colon (HCT116) and breast (MCF7) cancer
cells as compared to pure ZnO NPs. The anticancer activity of Mo-ZnO/RGO
NCs was mediated through reactive oxygen species, p53, and the caspase-3
pathway. Moreover, cytocompatibility of Mo-ZnO/RGO NCs in human normal
colon epithelial (NCM460) and normal breast epithelial cells (MCF10A)
was much better than those of pure ZnO NPs. Altogether, green stabilized
Mo-ZnO/RGO NCs exhibited enhanced anticancer performance and improved
cytocompatibility because of green mediated good synergism between
ZnO, Mo, and RGO. This study suggested the high nutritional value
fruit-based facile preparation of ZnO-based nanocomposites for cancer
therapy.