ZnO crystals obtained by electrodeposition: Statistical analysis of most important process variables

Cembrero, J.; Busquets-Mataix, D.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2008.10.069

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The potential is reported in the text with respect to In contrast to ZnO electrodeposited in aqueous media, where the morphologies (rods, columns, wire, etc.) are often discontinuous [15], ZnO:Cu electrodeposited in DMSO offers continuous smooth depositions [16]. The smoothness of such deposits causes the surfaces to behave in perfect plano-parallel layers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Type behaviour of electrodeposited ZnO:Cu films

Marı́

Sahal

Cerqueira

et al. 2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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Cu-doped ZnO (ZnO:Cu) thin films and ZnO/ ZnO:Cu homojunction devices were electrodeposited on conductive glass substrates in a non-aqueous electrolyte containing Cu and Zn salts. The Cu content of the films is proportional to the Cu/Zn precursor ratio in the deposition electrolyte. ZnO:Cu was found to be of a hexagonal wurtzite structure with (002) preferred orientation. A transition from n-type to p-type was observed for ZnO:Cu films with a Cu/ Zn ratio higher than 2% as inferred from the change in the direction of the photocurrent. The rectifying characteristics shown by homojunction devices further confirm the p-type conductivity of ZnO:Cu layers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Type behaviour of electrodeposited ZnO:Cu films

Marı́

Sahal

Cerqueira

et al. 2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…For example, Cembrero et al 16 reported on the cathodic electrodeposition of ZnO nanocolumns and nanowires from zinc chloride solutions saturated in molecular oxygen. The general scheme for ED of ZnO employing different oxygen precursors is supposed as follows.…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 The ZnO electrodeposition is based on the reduction of an oxygen precursor such as dissolved molecular oxygen, nitrate ions or hydrogen peroxide. For example, Cembrero et al 16 reported on the cathodic electrodeposition of ZnO nanocolumns and nanowires from zinc chloride solutions saturated in molecular oxygen. The general scheme for ED of ZnO employing different oxygen precursors is supposed as follows.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Deposition Potential on Structure of ZnO Nanowires Synthesized in Track-Etched Membranes

Prună

Pullini

Mataix

2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Single-crystal ZnO nanowires long up to several microns were fabricated by one-step electrochemical deposition. A template-based process employing track-etched polycarbonate (TE-PC) membranes was used for this purpose. The morphology and the structure characteristics of the ZnO nanowires were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). The growth process conditions turned out to have a marked influence on the crystal nature and morphology of the nanowires. Deposition rates ranging from 0.4 nm s −1 and up to 0.6 nm s −1 were recorded for the growth of ZnO nanowires. The obtained results showed that by using carefully controlled deposition conditions single crystalline nanowires and fine-grained structures can be routinely obtained. ZnO has extrusive physical properties such as a direct bandgap in the ultraviolet range (3.37 eV) or a large exciton binding energy (60 meV) which have made it a great application prospect.1, 2 ZnO nano-objects have been widely investigated in the recent years owing to promising applications in nanodevices. They showed high sensitivity to different chemicals, have piezo-and pyro-electric properties, etc. 3,4 As it has been shown that band edge, exciton energies, and UV luminescence of ZnO nanostructures are affected by crystallite size and crystal morphology, 5,6 it is desirable to tailor their electronic properties in order to exploit the broad range of applications.Nowadays, many efforts still focus on synthesizing oriented onedimensional ZnO nanostructures. Up to now, techniques using sophisticated and expensive equipments but also low temperature and cost-effective methods such as electrodeposition (ED) and hydrothermal deposition were employed for the synthesis of nanostructures. 7-9The major advantage of the electrochemical synthesis is given by its application for large area and high throughput productions, therefore suitable for an industrial use. [10][11][12][13] The ED of ZnO nanowires has been focused mostly on the preparation of nanorod/nanowire arrays by the template method and on flat substrates. 14, 15The ZnO electrodeposition is based on the reduction of an oxygen precursor such as dissolved molecular oxygen, nitrate ions or hydrogen peroxide. For example, Cembrero et al. 16 reported on the cathodic electrodeposition of ZnO nanocolumns and nanowires from zinc chloride solutions saturated in molecular oxygen. The general scheme for ED of ZnO employing different oxygen precursors is supposed as follows.The reaction at the cathode surface employing different oxygen precursors: The process evolves itself drifting the pH of the electrolyte to a constant increase and to a local supersaturation of the bath in the vicinity of the electrode, thus provoking the precipitation on the electrode surface of ZnO;18 therefore, if a specific crystal order is desired, the pH of the electrolytic solution has to be precisely controlled and adjusted to a proper value.As...

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“…In fact, from previous experiments from the authors [12] the influence of substrate morphology (roughness) had a significant importance on the ZnO deposits. In the case of FTO substrate the ED potential was set to -0.85 V, where as in the case of ITO it was slightly increased at -1.0 V just to obtain a fully coverage of the surface by ZnO columns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Control parameters on the fabrication of ZnO hollow nanocolumns

Cembrero¹,

Busquets-Mataix²,

Rayón³

et al. 2013

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing

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In the present work, the fabrication of hollow ZnO nanocolumns by a sequential combination of electrochemical deposition, chemical attack and regeneration is presented. Initially, ZnO nanocolumns were deposited in two different substrates, namely Fluor Tin Oxide and Indium Tin Oxide. In a further step, a statistical analysis on the most influencing control parameters in the dissolution stage to produce the hollow ZnO nanowires on FTO substrates was carried out. The control variables considered were electrolyte concentration, dissolution time and temperature whereas the output variable was the percentage of hollow nanocolumns obtained. The statistical analysis consisted in a two-level factorial design of experiments on three variables therefore involving a series of 8 experiments. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the results was also carried out. The results showed that all the control variables were significant, the most important being dissolution time.

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ZnO crystals obtained by electrodeposition: Statistical analysis of most important process variables

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

p-Type behaviour of electrodeposited ZnO:Cu films

p-Type behaviour of electrodeposited ZnO:Cu films

Influence of Deposition Potential on Structure of ZnO Nanowires Synthesized in Track-Etched Membranes

Control parameters on the fabrication of ZnO hollow nanocolumns

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