ZnO nanorods: Efficient and reusable catalysts for the synthesis of substituted imidazoles in water

Abstract

Please cite this article as: K. Nikoofar, M. Haghighi, M. Lashanizadegan, Z. Ahmadvand, ZnO nanorodes: efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of substituted imidazoles in water media, Journal of Taibah University for Science (2015), http://dx. Abstract:A simple procedure has been represented for the synthesis of ZnO nanorodes (ZnO NRs). The characterization of newly synthesized crystals were studied by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Moreover the catalytic activity has been examined in a one-pot, three component synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles in water under reflux conditions. The results confirmed ZnO NRs to be a mild, benign and effective catalyst for the trisubstituted imidazoles preparation in high yield via an operationally simple and environmentally-friendly procedure. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recovered conveniently and reused for at least three runs without any activity loss.

Absorption of electromagnetic waves in sandstone saturated with brine and nanofluids for application in enhanced oil recovery

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns obtained for the nanoparticles were carried out using powder X-ray diffractometer with Cu-Ka radiation operated at 45 kV and 40 ma [19]. The particle morphology and elemental analysis were carried out by Zeiss supra 55 VP FESEM [46].…”

Recent developments on nano-ZnO catalyzed synthesis of bioactive heterocycles

“…Some marketed drugs like omeprazole consist of modified imidazole as a core unit [68]. Nikoofar et al [69] synthesized ZnO-nanorods. After characterized it by X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, they successfully employed this ZnOnanorods as an efficient, mild, reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazolesin (8) via onepot, three-component reactions of various aldehydes (5), benzils (6) and ammonium acetate (7) in water under reflux conditions ( Table 2).…”

Organocatalyzed Solvent Free and Efficient Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease

“…To obtain good yields, the reaction is generally catalyzed by the selection of different compounds such as silica gel, BF 3 ·SiO 2 , molecular iodine, zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate Zr(acac) 4 3 , silica chloride, silica bonded propyl-Nsulfamic acid nanocatalyst (NHSO 3 H-KIT-5), Ce (SO 4 ) 2 · 4H 2 O, Keggin-structured phosphotungstic acid (HPW). [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] All these new methodologies have their own advantages but most of these are associated with drawbacks like use of toxic solvents, prolong times, complicated work-up, purification difficulties, poor yields, expensive reagents, hence there is a dire need to develop such synthetic routes that are environmentally friendly and economically. Various organocatalysts are being used nowadays to accelerate chemical reaction with easy handling.…”