ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses as gamma-ray shielding materials

Singh, Harvinder; Singh, Kulwant; Gerward, L.; Singh, K. J.; Sahota, H. S.; Nathuram, R.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(03)00462-2

Cited by 143 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One of these compositions was found to be very effective sintering aid for the basic varistor powder while maintaining its electrical properties within very useful level. This glass, consisted of 20 mol% ZnO, 40 mol% PbO and 40 mol% B 2 O 3 (labelled PZB), is typically used for radiation shielding and glass solder for sealing [13,14]. The glass was prepared by weighing the starting materials (Johnson Matthey Gmbh, Germany) and mixing them in distilled water for one hour in a ball-mill jar with agate balls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and electrical properties of multicomponent varistor ceramics with PbO–ZnO–B2O3 glass addition

et al. 2007

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Zinc oxide based ceramics are widely used materials in varistors because of their excellent nonlinearity. Traditionally these ceramics are sintered at high temperatures (about 1,100-1,300°C). In this work a novel zinc oxide-based material with a low sintering temperature (900-1,000°C) was investigated. This material can be used in varistors consisting of several ceramic layers with embedded silver/palladium thick-film electrodes. This paper explains the research procedure employed with this novel varistor material, including the effect of sintering aid addition on the final electrical properties and fired microstructure. The electrical properties achieved are compared to the values measured from the original zinc oxide composition without sintering aid addition. Especially the I-V characteristics, nonlinearity coefficient !, breakdown voltage V bk and leakage current density J L are investigated. The sintering properties are also reported. It was found that by adding 10 wt.% of glass and using a 900°C sintering temperature, the material had good varistor characteristics, as V bk =378 V/mm, !=33 and J L =15 μA/cm 2 . The investigated varistor material can be applied to protect electrical circuits against surges.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and electrical properties of multicomponent varistor ceramics with PbO–ZnO–B2O3 glass addition

et al. 2007

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“…In fact, the fast neutrons are not directly absorbed during their passage through the shielding hydrogenated, but they slow primarily by successive elastic collisions with the nuclei of light elements and when their energy is in the order of the thermal energy (0.025 eV), they are absorbed by the nuclei of heavy elements via interaction radiative capture [43]. Generally, shielding materials are chemical compounds or mixtures, their macroscopic removal cross-section can be obtained by calculating their (ΣR) C of their constituent elements applying the following equation, [41][42][43], (%&)' = ∑ i w i ( ∑ R/()) (8) Where W i , ( and ( ∑ R/()) are respectively the partial density (g cm -3 ), density and mass removal cross section of the ith constituent [44]. Fig.…”

Section: Fast Neutron Removal Cross Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that for medium-Z glasses, effective atomic number was nearly constant and equal to the mean atomic number in a wide energy range dominated by Compton scattering process. Singh et al [8][9][10][11][12] has found a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical (calculated by the WinXCom program) values of gamma-ray mass attenuation coefficient, the Photon mean free path (MFP), the effective atomic number and the effective electron density for ZnO -PbO -B 2 O 3 glasses, investigated at photon energies of 511, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV. Singh et al [13,14] carried out two respective studies on the radiation shielding properties of lead barium borate glass and bismuth lead borate glasses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Shielding Properties of Transparent Glasses Prepared from Rice Husk Silica

Mostafa¹

2015

AJMP

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Abstract:The glasses studied here have been prepared by the melt quenching technique from Egyptian rice husk silica.The obtained solid glasses exhibit amorphous nature and transparency. These glasses were selected to obey the following composition, (75-x) mol % RH silica. 25mol % Na 2 O. x mol % Bi 2 O 3 , where x takes the values, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20. It was found that, as Bi 2 O 3 was gradually increased both the density and molar volume values increased. The comparison between the experimental and empirical density and molar volume values confirm that all the studied glasses are in amorphous glassy phase. Moreover, all samples showed also good shielding properties against gamma ray radiation and neutrons. The mass attenuation coefficient of gamma ray radiation increased gradually as Bi 2 O 3 was gradually increased while the HVL values exhibit gradual decrease, and the sample that contains 20 mol % Bi 2 O 3 appeared the efficient one at low gamma ray energy (especially at 356 KeV). On the other hand "for shielding neutrons" the sample that contains 5 mol% Bi 2 O 3 appeared the best one since it exhibits the highest neutron removal cross section.

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“…Data on the attenuation of gamma-rays in matter is required for many scientific, engineering, and medical applications [1]. Many studies have recently been carried out on the attenuation coefficients for a number of materials, such as concrete [2][3][4][5], cement [5][6][7][8], glass systems [1,9,10], soil samples [11][12][13] etc. The value of the linear attenuation coefficient depends on the incident photon energy, the atomic number, and the density of the absorber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Calculations for Photon Attenuation Studies on Different Solid Phantom Materials

2017

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The linear attenuation coefficients of water and some solid phantom materials, namely of solid water RMI-457, of plastic water, of RW3 solid water, and of Perspex were determined by Monte Carlo calculations, for gammaray photons with energies of 59.5, 80.9, 140.5, 356.5, 661.6, 1173.2, and 1332.5 keV. The calculated values were compared with the experimental results presented by other researchers and with theoretical values obtained using the XCOM database. Good agreement was observed between the calculations, the experimental, and the theoretical values. The results indicate that the process in Monte Carlo code can be followed to determine the equivalency of other materials at several energies. Three shielding factors such as half-value layer, tenth-value layer, and mean free path were calculated at all considered gamma-ray energies.

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ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses as gamma-ray shielding materials

Cited by 143 publications

References 13 publications

Microstructural and electrical properties of multicomponent varistor ceramics with PbO–ZnO–B2O3 glass addition

Microstructural and electrical properties of multicomponent varistor ceramics with PbO–ZnO–B2O3 glass addition

Studies on the Shielding Properties of Transparent Glasses Prepared from Rice Husk Silica

Monte Carlo Calculations for Photon Attenuation Studies on Different Solid Phantom Materials

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