ZnO, ZnMnO and ZnCoO films grown by atomic layer deposition

Łukasiewicz, Małgorzata; Wójcik-Głodowska, A.; Guziewicz, E.; Wolska, A.; Klepka, Marcin T.; Dłuźewski, P.; Jakieła, R.; Łusakowska, E.; Kopalko, K.; Paszkowicz, W.; Wachnicki, Ł.; Witkowski, B.S.; Lisowski, Wojciech; Krawczyk, M.; Sobczak, Janusz W.; Jabłoński, A.; Godlewski, M.

doi:10.1088/0268-1242/27/7/074009

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The Curie-Weiss temperature is equal to about θ = −78 K. The negative sign of this value suggests a contribution of the antiferromagnetically coupled Co-Co pairs, as often reported for a Zn 1−x Co x O system[41]. The contribution of such pairs to the magnetic response was also observed in electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations of Zn 1−x Co x O bulk samples[79]. Surprisingly, as shown inFigure 12a, the M(H) measurements reveal nearly the same magnetization up to H = 0.5 kOe for samples with different Co fractions, that is, the magnetization does not scale with Co fraction in the samples.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

Wojnarowicz¹,

Kuśnieruk²,

Chudoba³

et al. 2016

Nano Online

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Zinc oxide nanopowders doped with 1-15 mol % cobalt were produced by the microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS) technique. The obtained nanoparticles were annealed at 800 °C in nitrogen (99.999%) and in synthetic air. The material nanostructure was investigated by means of the following techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), helium pycnometry density, specific surface area (SSA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and with magnetometry using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Irrespective of the Co content, nanoparticles in their initial state present a similar morphology. They are composed of loosely agglomerated spherical particles with wurtzite-type crystal structure with crystallites of a mean size of 30 nm. Annealing to temperatures of up to 800 °C induced the growth of crystallites up to a maximum of 2 μm in diameter. For samples annealed in high purity nitrogen, the precipitation of metallic α-Co was detected for a Co content of 5 mol % or more. For samples annealed in synthetic air, no change of phase structure was detected, except for precipitation of Co 3 O 4 for a Co content of 15 mol %. The results of the magentometry investigation indicated that all as-synthesized samples displayed paramagnetic properties with a contribution of anti-ferromagnetic coupling of Co-Co pairs. After annealing in synthetic air, the samples remained paramagnetic and samples annealed under nitrogen flow showed a magnetic response under the influences of a magnetic field, likely related to the precipitation of metallic Co in nanoparticles.

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supporting

confidence: 67%

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

Wojnarowicz¹,

Kuśnieruk²,

Chudoba³

et al. 2016

Nano Online

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“…However, rapid progress in the search for ferromagnetic DMSs stems, to a large extent, from the development of methods enabling material synthesis far from thermal equilibrium, primarily by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) (Ohno, 1998), but also by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) (Fukumura et al, 2005), metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) (Bonanni, 2007), atomic layer deposition (ALD) ( Lukasiewicz et al, 2012), sputtering (Fukumura et al, 2005), ion implantation (Pearton et al, 2003), and pulsed-laser melting of implanted layers (Scarpulla et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2012). These methods have a potential to provide high-quality DMS films with a concentration of the magnetic constituent beyond the solubility limits at thermal equilibrium.…”

Section: A Growth Methods and Diagramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors: Physics and spintronic structures

2014

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This review compiles results of experimental and theoretical studies on thin films and quantum structures of semiconductors with randomly distributed Mn ions, which exhibit spintronic functionalities associated with collective ferromagnetic spin ordering. Properties of p-type Mncontaining III-V as well as II-VI, IV-VI, V 2 -VI 3 , I-II-V, and elemental group IV semiconductors are described paying particular attention to the most thoroughly investigated system (Ga,Mn)As that supports the hole-mediated ferromagnetic order up to 190 K for the net concentration of Mn spins below 10%. Multilayer structures showing efficient spin injection and spin-related magnetotransport properties as well as enabling magnetization manipulation by strain, light, electric fields, and spin currents are presented together with their impact on metal spintronics. The challenging interplay between magnetic and electronic properties in topologically trivial and nontrivial systems is described, emphasizing the entangled roles of disorder and correlation at the carrier localization boundary. Finally, the case of dilute magnetic insulators is considered, such as (Ga,Mn)N, where low temperature spin ordering is driven by short-ranged superexchange that is ferromagnetic for certain charge states of magnetic impurities.

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“…39). The specific character of the ALD technique means that our samples are deposited as (ZnO) m (CoO) n periodic structures with various combinations of m and n values.…”

Section: A Growth Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,39,41 As displayed in Table I and shown in Fig. 1(b), textured films with dominant orientation of the c axis along the growth direction (e.g., PM-1 and PM-3), perpendicular to it (e.g., PM-S1), or films with no texture (samples PM-2 and PM-4) can be prepared.…”

Section: B Investigated Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenous and heterogeneous magnetism in (Zn,Co)O

Sawicki

Guziewicz

Łukasiewicz

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Conference on Oxide Materials for Electronic Engineering (OMEE)

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A series of (Zn,Co)O layers with Co contents x up to 40% grown by atomic layer deposition have been investigated. All structures deposited at 160• C show magnetic properties specific to II-VI dilute magnetic semiconductors with localized spins S = 3/2 coupled by strong but short-range antiferromagnetic interactions resulting in low-temperature spin-glass freezing for x = 0.16 and 0.4. At higher growth temperature (200• C) metallic Co nanocrystals precipitate in two locations giving rise to two different magnetic responses: (i) a superparamagnetic contribution coming from volume disperse nanocrystals; (ii) a ferromagneticlike behavior brought about by nanocrystals residing at the (Zn,Co)O/substrate interface. It is shown that the dipolar coupling within the interfacial two-dimensional dense dispersion of nanocrystals is responsible for the ferromagneticlike behavior.

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ZnO, ZnMnO and ZnCoO films grown by atomic layer deposition

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

Dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors: Physics and spintronic structures

Homogenous and heterogeneous magnetism in (Zn,Co)O

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